Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Ch25 Blood > Flashcards

Ch25 Blood Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 Parts of blood

A

Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma

A

Yellow liquid part of blood
Makes up 55% of blood

Made of
90% water
7% proteins
3% dissolved materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Anitbodies : produced by white blood cells to fungi to foreign substances

Clotting proteins : form blood clotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Serum

A

Plasma without the clotting proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Plasma function

A

To transport dissolved materials like glucose CO2, hormones, vitamins etc

To transport heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Red blood cells

A

Red blood corpuscles/ enthrocytes

Produced in bone marrow

Very small, concave discs
No nucleus

Contains red protein (haemoglobin) which binds oxygen

Live for about 4 months before being broken down in liver and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when red blood cells are broken down

A

Haemoglobin is stored in the liver (recycled) and the rest of the cell is converted to bile pigments biliverdin and bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do red blood cells become damaged

A

They change shape to pass through narrow blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of red blood cells

A

To transport oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anaemia

A

Caused by lack of haemoglobin or red blood cells

Treated with iron supplements or iron rich foods (green veg, lentils, nuts, beans, fortified cereals)

Eg sickle cell anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

White blood cells

A

Leucocytes

Made in bone marrow
Have a nucleus
Less numerous than red blood cells (700 red; 1 white)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of white blood cells

A

To defend against and fight infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give examples of how white blood cells carry out their function

A

Some WBC’s surround and digest bacteria and viruses in a process called phagocytosis

Some WBC’s (lymphocytes produce antibodies to defend the body against infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leukaemia

A

A form of cancer where WBC’s are produces to rapidly and are immature

They crowd out other blood cells and may cause anaemia , increased risk of infection and reduced ability to clot the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes
Made in bone marrow from large cells which break into fragments called platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of platelets

A

To clot the blood
-this reduces blood loss and stops microorganisms from eneterinh7

17
Q

Needed to form blood clot

A

Injured Vessels constricts
Natural Clotting factors help form a strong platelet plug
Stable fibrin mesh formed over plug to stop bleeding

18
Q

Haemophiliacs

A

Lack the ability to form a clot and may suffer from excessive bleeding

19
Q

Blood clots in blood vessels

A

Do not usually form in healthy blood vessels
If vessels walls are damaged, a clot (thrombosis) may form and block the vessel

In brain - causes stroke
In heart - causes heart attack

20
Q

Functions of blood (4.3)

A

Transport food, waste, hormones
Transport heat
Transport oxygen
Defence against disease

-(white blood cells engulf bacteria
-lymphocytes produce antibodies
-platelets clot the blood)

21
Q

Antigen

A

A chemical marker that can stimulate the production of antibodies

22
Q

What do most RBc’s have that act as an antigen

A

A carbohydrate/ protein molecule on their surface that acts as an antigen

23
Q

Four main blood types + how they differ

A

A, B, AB, O
Differ in the type of antigens they have on their RBC‘s

24
Q

Antigens and antibodies in A blood type

A

A antigens
Anti-B antigens

25
Q

Antigens and antibodies in B blood type

A

B antigen
Anti-A

26
Q

Antigens(in RBC) and antibodies(in plasma) in AB blood type

A

AB antigens
No antibodies in plasma

27
Q

Antigens(in RBC) and antibodies(in plasma) in O blood type

A

No antigens
Anti-B Anti-A

28
Q

Blood transfusions

A

Blood group is import at to know as introducing the wrong antigen may cause blood clumping in the receiver

29
Q

Rhesus system/factor

A

Another blood grouping system

If you have factor D (antigen) on your RBC’s - you are rhesus positive (Rh+)
If you do not have factor D - you are rhesus negative (Rh-) and will provide antibodies to factor D

30
Q

Rhesus factor blood given to?

A

Rh- can be given to Rh+

Rh+ cannot be given to a Rh- person
-the rhesus antigen coming in causes the Rh- person to make antibodies to it - could cause clumping in the blood

31
Q

Rhesus factor during pregnancy

A

May be problems for a Rh- mother pregnant with a Rh+ child

-first child normally born safely, but any further RH+ foetuses may be anaemia, brain damaged or stillborn
- factor D injections as treatment

32
Q

Blood group chart

A
33
Q

Red blood cells structure

A

Have a nucleus until they mature in red corpuscles after a few days
Have no mitochondria
Membrane
Haemoglobin
Biconcave shape

34
Q

What happens when haemoglobin combines with oxygen

A

Forms oxyhaemoglobin
Haemoglobin (purple) -> lungs -> oxyhaemoglobin (bright red)
<- body cells <-

35
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Made in bone marrow
Mature in lymphatic tissue and Stored in lymphatic tissue

Make up 25% of WBC’s
Survive for 3 months to 10 years
Large rórúnda nucleus with very Little cytoplasm

36
Q

Lymphocytes function

A

To make antibodies

37
Q

Monocytes

A

Made in bone marrow
Make up 5% of WBC’s
Survive 6-9 days
Kidney-shaped nuclei

38
Q

Function of monocytes

A

To surround and digest bacteria
(Large phagocytes)

Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions