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nutrition > Ch.3 > Flashcards

Ch.3 Flashcards

1
Q

esophagus

A

Muscular tube of Gi tract- connects back of mouth to stomach

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2
Q

Epiglottis

A

Tiny flap
acts as trapdoor covering entrance to food to trachea.
Closes trachea-opens esopagus

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3
Q

esophageal sphincters

A

Upper and lower esophageal sphincters

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4
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter

A

As trachea closes- muscle opens to allow passage of food

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5
Q

Gastro (Lower) esophageal sphincter

A

When food reaches end of esophagus

sphincter relaxes- allows food into stomach

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6
Q

small intestine

A 
Largest part of GI tract
Most nutrient abs occurs
Duodenum
jejunum
Illeum
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7
Q

Duodenum

A

Sm intestine
first part of sm int.
pyloric sphincter- connects it to stomach

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8
Q

Jejunum

A

Sm intestine
Middle portion
most absorbtion takes place

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9
Q

Ileum

A

sm intestine
last portion
Ileocecal valve-connects it to large intestine

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10
Q

Large intestine

A 
Tubelike structure that frames sm intestine on 3.5 half sides
Most h2o absorbed- feces formed
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
sigmoid colon
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11
Q

Enteric Nervous system

A

Autonomic nerves in wall of GI tract
secretes saliva (smell,taste, etc)
-controls peristalsis & segmentation

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12
Q

chyme

A

semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food water & gastric juices

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13
Q

bolus

A

mass of food that has been chewed and moisten in mouth

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14
Q

peristalsis

A

location-GI tract

waves squeezing& pushing, contraction that moves down food, chyme, and feces in one direction

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15
Q

Sphincter contractions

A

loc- GI tract

thigh rings of muscle that open when nerve signals indicate food is ready to next section

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16
Q

Amylaze

A

Breakdown carbs

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17
Q

Lipase

A

breakdown lipids

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18
Q

trypsin

A

breaks down prts

19
Q

enzyme

A

sm chemicals (prtn) that act on other chemicals to speed up bodily process but are not changed during it

20
Q

segmentation

A

circular and long. muscles squeeze before and after chyme to mix and move
tears chyme to smaller portions

21
Q

sphincter contraction

A

circular muscles that open and close organs

22
Q

potential of Hydrogen (pH)

A

-log(H+)

measures potential of subs. to release or take up H ions in sol.

23
Q

saliva (pH)

A

pH of 6.5-7.5

24
Q

Gastric juice (pH)

A

pH of 2

in stomach

25
Q

Bile

A

emulsifies lipids
made in liver
stored in gallbladder

26
Q

Pancreatic juice

A

Bicarbonate and digestive enzymes

27
Q

enzymes

A

prtn. catalyst

breakdown things by hydrolysis

28
Q

structure in small intestine that increase surf. area

A

circular folds
villi
micro villi

29
Q

Mechanisms of abrobtion

A

Passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
Active transport
endocytosis

30
Q

Passive diffusion

A

nutrient cross into enterocyte with out use of carrier or prtn
lipids, water, Vit C

31
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

requires a carrier protein but no energy
fructose
by concentration gradient

32
Q

Active transport

A

requires energy and a protein carrier to transport nutrients

glucose, aminos, some minerals

33
Q

Endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis
active transport by which a small amount of intestinal contents is engulfed by the cell mem. into the cell
some prtn. and large part.

34
Q

normal blood flow

A 
Veins (lymphatic)
Heart
lungs
heart
arteries
capillaries
35
Q

lymphatic system

A

absorbs fat

36
Q

Lymph

A

travels through the lymphatic system
Lacteals
lymph nodes

37
Q

Lacteals

A

pick up most lipids and fat soluble vitms

38
Q

Lymph node

A

clusters of immune cells that filter microbes and other harmful agents

39
Q

Large intestine a.k.a

A

bowel

colon

40
Q

Large intestine function

A 
store undigested material
absorb 
-water
-short chain fatty acids
-electrolytes 
-vit k and biotin
41
Q

Probiotics

A

good bacterial strain break down food

aid in immune response

42
Q

Prebiotics

A

foods that aid probiotics

43
Q

Microvilli

A

increase surface area to absorb more nutrients

44
Q

Homeostasis

A

stable equilibrium

nutrition (19 decks)

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