Ch.3

Question 1

esophagus

Answer 1

Muscular tube of Gi tract- connects back of mouth to stomach

Question 2

Epiglottis

Answer 2

Tiny flap
acts as trapdoor covering entrance to food to trachea.
Closes trachea-opens esopagus

Question 3

esophageal sphincters

Answer 3

Upper and lower esophageal sphincters

Question 4

Upper esophageal sphincter

Answer 4

As trachea closes- muscle opens to allow passage of food

Question 5

Gastro (Lower) esophageal sphincter

Answer 5

When food reaches end of esophagus

sphincter relaxes- allows food into stomach

Question 6

small intestine

Answer 6

Largest part of GI tract
Most nutrient abs occurs
Duodenum
jejunum
Illeum

Question 7

Duodenum

Answer 7

Sm intestine
first part of sm int.
pyloric sphincter- connects it to stomach

Question 8

Jejunum

Answer 8

Sm intestine
Middle portion
most absorbtion takes place

Question 9

Ileum

Answer 9

sm intestine
last portion
Ileocecal valve-connects it to large intestine

Question 10

Large intestine

Answer 10

Tubelike structure that frames sm intestine on 3.5 half sides
Most h2o absorbed- feces formed
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
sigmoid colon

Question 11

Enteric Nervous system

Answer 11

Autonomic nerves in wall of GI tract
secretes saliva (smell,taste, etc)
-controls peristalsis & segmentation

Question 12

chyme

Answer 12

semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food water & gastric juices

Question 13

bolus

Answer 13

mass of food that has been chewed and moisten in mouth

Question 14

peristalsis

Answer 14

location-GI tract

waves squeezing& pushing, contraction that moves down food, chyme, and feces in one direction

Question 15

Sphincter contractions

Answer 15

loc- GI tract

thigh rings of muscle that open when nerve signals indicate food is ready to next section

Question 16

Amylaze

Answer 16

Breakdown carbs

Question 17

Lipase

Answer 17

breakdown lipids

Question 18

trypsin

Answer 18

breaks down prts

Question 19

enzyme

Answer 19

sm chemicals (prtn) that act on other chemicals to speed up bodily process but are not changed during it

Question 20

segmentation

Answer 20

circular and long. muscles squeeze before and after chyme to mix and move
tears chyme to smaller portions

Question 21

sphincter contraction

Answer 21

circular muscles that open and close organs

Question 22

potential of Hydrogen (pH)

Answer 22

-log(H+)

measures potential of subs. to release or take up H ions in sol.

Question 23

saliva (pH)

Answer 23

pH of 6.5-7.5

Question 24

Gastric juice (pH)

Answer 24

pH of 2

in stomach

Question 25

Bile

Answer 25

emulsifies lipids made in liver stored in gallbladder

Question 26

Pancreatic juice

Answer 26

Bicarbonate and digestive enzymes

Question 27

enzymes

Answer 27

prtn. catalyst | breakdown things by hydrolysis

Question 28

structure in small intestine that increase surf. area

Answer 28

circular folds villi micro villi

Question 29

Mechanisms of abrobtion

Answer 29

Passive diffusion facilitated diffusion Active transport endocytosis

Question 30

Passive diffusion

Answer 30

nutrient cross into enterocyte with out use of carrier or prtn lipids, water, Vit C

Question 31

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 31

requires a carrier protein but no energy fructose by concentration gradient

Question 32

Active transport

Answer 32

requires energy and a protein carrier to transport nutrients | glucose, aminos, some minerals

Question 33

Endocytosis

Answer 33

Pinocytosis active transport by which a small amount of intestinal contents is engulfed by the cell mem. into the cell some prtn. and large part.

Question 34

normal blood flow

Answer 34

``` Veins (lymphatic) Heart lungs heart arteries capillaries ```

Question 35

lymphatic system

Answer 35

absorbs fat

Question 36

Lymph

Answer 36

travels through the lymphatic system Lacteals lymph nodes

Question 37

Lacteals

Answer 37

pick up most lipids and fat soluble vitms

Question 38

Lymph node

Answer 38

clusters of immune cells that filter microbes and other harmful agents

Question 39

Large intestine a.k.a

Answer 39

bowel | colon

Question 40

Large intestine function

Answer 40

``` store undigested material absorb -water -short chain fatty acids -electrolytes -vit k and biotin ```

Question 41

Probiotics

Answer 41

good bacterial strain break down food | aid in immune response

Question 42

Prebiotics

Answer 42

foods that aid probiotics

Question 43

Microvilli

Answer 43

increase surface area to absorb more nutrients

Question 44

Homeostasis

Answer 44

stable equilibrium