ch.3 Flashcards
glycocalyces
the gelatinous sticky substance surrounding the cell
capsule
composed of organized units of repeating chemicals
attached to cell surface
may prevent bacteria from being recognized by the host
slime layer
loosely attached to cell surface
water-soluble
allows prokaryotes to attach to surface
flagella
responsible for movement
different kinds are monstricous, peritrichous, lopostrichous
monstricous
single polar flagella
pertrichous
many flagella all over
lophotricous
many flagella at one end
fimbriae
sticky bristlelike projection
used by bacteria to adhere to another and to substances
shorter than flagella
important for biofilm
pili
special type of fimbriae
conjugation pil
conjugation
transfer DNA from one cell to another
gram-negative cell wall
contain lipopolysaccharide
lipopolysaccharide
contains lipid A and can cause fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, blood clotting
cytoplasmic membrane
phospholipid bilayer
control the passage of things in and out
group translocation
occurs when a substance is chemically modified during transport, occurs in prokaryotes
cytosol
the liquid portion of the cytoplasm
endospores
unique structures produced by some bacteria that are resistant to heat, radiation, and chemicals
how to kill endospores
provide good conditions, good moisture, so they can germinate into bacteria
passive transport
processes require no use of energy
diffusion
molecules move down gradient
facilitated diffusion
move down the gradient through channels or carrier proteins
Endospore formation
- dna is replicated
- cytoplasmic membrane invaginates to form forespore
- cytoplasmic membrane grows and engulfs forespore, cell DNA disinegrates
- pepto is distributed
- spore coat forms
- endospore matures
- endospore is released
What role do the teichoic acids play within the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?
they stabilize the cell wall
What structural part of a bacterial flagellum is composed of flagellin?
filament
rings
anchor the flagellum to the cell membrane
