ch.15

Question 1

What are the three main lines of defense?

Answer 1

physical barriers, internal, and immune response

Question 2

physical barriers

Answer 2

skin, mucus membranes

Question 3

internal defenses

Answer 3

protective cells, blood-borne chemicals,

Question 4

lysozyme

Answer 4

found in saliva and tears, act against cell wall of bacteria, first line of defense

Question 5

complements

Answer 5

set of serum proteins that can trigger inflammation and fever
-MAC attack

Question 6

innate immunity

Answer 6

present at birth

Question 7

adaptive immunity

Answer 7

responds to specific pathogens

Question 8

What processes are included in the second line of defense?

Answer 8

phagocytosis, extracellular killing by leukocytes, nonspecific chemical defenses, inflammation, fever

Question 9

phagocytosis

Answer 9

ingestion of bacteria
-chemotaxis, adhesion, ingestion,maturation, killing, elimination

Question 10

phagocytosis

Answer 10

ingestion of bacteria
-chemotaxis, adhesion, ingestion, maturation, killing, elimination

Question 11

chemotaxis

Answer 11

migration of a cell in response to a chemical stimulus

Question 12

defense components of blood

Answer 12

leukocytes are defensive blood cells

Question 13

granuolocytes

Answer 13

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 14

Defense Components of neutrophils and eosinophils

Answer 14

capable of diapedesis or passage of blood through capillaries, also perform phagocytosis of pathogens
also, perform extracellular killing

Question 15

Defense Components of basophils

Answer 15

do not phagocytize and release inflammatory chemicals

Question 16

Who performs extracellular killing?

Answer 16

eosinophils, NK cells, and neutrophils

Question 17

How do eosinophils perform extracellular killing?

Answer 17

bind to a parasitic worm’s surface and secrete protein toxins to weaken or kill the worm

Question 18

How do natural killers perform extracellular killing?

Answer 18

secrete protein toxins onto surfaces of virally infected cells and tumors

Question 19

neutrophils

Answer 19

can kill nearby invaders with chemicals found in cytoplasmic membranes

Question 20

inflammation

Answer 20

general response to tissue damage

Question 21

acute inflammation

Answer 21

develops quickly, typically beneficial, results in the elimination or resolution of condition
-results in dilate blood vessels and tissue repair

Question 22

chronic inflammation

Answer 22

develops slowly, lasts a long time, and can damage or kill tissues to result in disease

Question 23

tissue repair

Answer 23

the final stage of inflammation
delivers oxygen and extra nutrients to the inflamed site
areas such as skin and mucus membrane repair rapidly

Question 24

fever

Answer 24

body temp over at 37C

Question 25

hypothalamus

Answer 25

controls the bodys internal temp

Question 26

What effect does the hypothalamus have on temp?

Answer 26

controls the body internal temp

Question 27

pyrogens

Answer 27

trigger the hypothalamus to increase the body temp