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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch22 Vocab. > Flashcards

Ch22 Vocab. Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

affect

A

external expression of emotion, or emotional response

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2
Q

amnesia

A

loss of memory

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3
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight

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4
Q

anxiety disorders

A

characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behaviours;

examples are panic disorders, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder

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5
Q

apathy

A

absence of emotions;

lack of interest or emotional involvement

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6
Q

autism

A

neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior

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7
Q

bipolar disorders

A

these disorders are marked by alternating periods of mania and depression

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8
Q

bipolar nervosa

A

eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression

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9
Q

cannabis

A

plant substance from which marijuana is obtained

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10
Q

compulsion

A

uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety

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11
Q

conversion disorder

A

condition marked by neurologic symptoms with no organic (physical) basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict

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12
Q

defense mechanism

A

unconscious technique (coping mechanism) used to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety.

Protects the person against anxiety and stress;
examples are acting out, denial, and repression

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13
Q

delirium

A

acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, agitation, and fearfulness.

Usually a reversible impairment

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14
Q

delusion

A

fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence

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15
Q

depressive disorders

A

major psychiatric disorders with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, discouragement, and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts

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16
Q

ego

A

central coordinating branch of the personality or mind

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17
Q

fugue

A

unconscious flight from customary surroundings; a sign of dissociative disorder

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18
Q

hallucination

A

false sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things)

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19
Q

id

A

major unconscious part of the personality;

energy from instinctual drives and desires

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20
Q

labile

A

unstable;

undergoing rapid emotional change

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21
Q

mania

A

elevated expansive state (euphoria) with hyperactivity, talkativeness, and racing thought

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22
Q

mutism

A

no, or very little, ability to speak

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23
Q

neurodevelopmental disorder

A

group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills;

example is autism spectrum disorder

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24
Q

obsession

A

involuntary, persistent idea, urge or emotion

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25
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominant behavior

26
Q

paranoia

A

overly suspicious system of thinking with fixed delusions of being harrassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated

27
Q

paraphilia

A

recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning

28
Q

phobia

A

irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation

29
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event

30
Q

projective (personality test)

A

diagnostic personality test using stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality

31
Q

psychiatrist

A

physician (MD degree) or osteopath (DO degree) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disordersz

32
Q

psychologist

A

nonmedical professional (often with a PhD, PshD, or EdD degree) specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease

33
Q

psychosis

A

marked by loss of contact with reality, often associated with delusions and hallucinations

34
Q

reality testing

A

psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy;

severely impaired in psychosis

35
Q

repression

A

defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious, out of awareness

36
Q

schizophrenia spectrum disorders

A

group of chronic psychotic disorders that may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative

37
Q

sexual dysfunctions

A

disturbances in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure

38
Q

somatic symptom disorders

A

presence of physical symptoms (such as pain or fatigue) that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or mental condition

39
Q

substance-related and addictive disorders

A

group of disorders marked by regular overuse of or dependence on psyychoactive substances (alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, and sedatives) that affect the central nervous system

40
Q

superego

A

internalized conscience and moral aspect of the personality

41
Q

amphetamines

A

central nervous system stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and depression

42
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior

(schizophrenia, or bipolar disease; second generation antipsychotics)

43
Q

benzodiazepines

A

drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks

44
Q

cognitive behavioural therapy

A

focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts.

45
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

electrical current used to produce convulsions and loss of consciousness;

effective in the treatment of major depression

46
Q

family therapy

A

treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts

47
Q

first generation antipsychotic drugs

A

early neuroleptic medications that reduce psychotic symptoms

48
Q

free association

A

psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind

49
Q

group therapy

A

group of patients with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other

50
Q

hypnosis

A

induced trance (state of altered consciousness)

51
Q

insight-oriented therapy

A

face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings.
Patient tells his or her story and has the opportunity to connect emotional patterns in his or her life history with present concerns

52
Q

lithium

A

medication used to treat bipolar illness

53
Q

neuroleptic drug

A

any drug that favourably modifies psychotic symptoms;

antipsychotic drug

54
Q

play therapy

A

treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings that cannot be communicated verbally

55
Q

psychoanalysis

A

treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior

56
Q

psychodrama

A

group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with other patients

57
Q

psychopharmacology

A

treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs

58
Q

sedatives

A

drugs that induce calmness, promotee sleep, and help lessen anxiety

59
Q

supportive psychotherapy

A

offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events

60
Q

transference

A

psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though the therapist were a prominent childhood figure

61
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

drugs used to treat severe depression

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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