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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch13 Vocab. & Abbrev. > Flashcards

Ch13 Vocab. & Abbrev. Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albumin

A

major protein in blood;
maintains proper amount of water in the blood

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2
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigen.
An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it.

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3
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody

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4
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue (with basic dye) associated with release of histamine and heparin

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment in bile;
formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed.

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6
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells.

Examples are granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin

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8
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as a it matures; specialization

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9
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

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10
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain red;
associated with allergic reactions

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11
Q

erythroblast

A

immature red blood cell

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12
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell.

There are approx. 5 million per microliter or cubic millimetre of blood.

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13
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidneys;

stimulates red blood cell formation

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14
Q

fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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15
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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16
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein;

alpha, beeta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

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17
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules:
eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

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18
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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19
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron;
carries oxygen in the red blood cells

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20
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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21
Q

immune reaction

A

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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22
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein (a globulin) with antibody activity;

examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.

immun/o means protection

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23
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

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24
Q

lymphocyte

A

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease

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25
Q

macrophage

A

monocyte that migrates from the blood to the tissue spaces.
As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and also engulf bacteria and other harmful organisms.

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26
Q

megakaryocyte

A

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

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27
Q

monocyte

A

leukocyte with one large nucleus.
It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris.
Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissue.

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28
Q

mononuclear

A

pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus;
lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

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29
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes

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30
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow.
It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell.
Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocytes

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31
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood;
contains water, protein, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

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32
Q

plasmapheresis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood.
Collected cells are retranfused back into the donor.
Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.

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33
Q

platelet

A

small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

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34
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus; neutrophil

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35
Q

prothrombin

A

plasma protein;
converted to thrombin in the clotting process

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36
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature erythrocyte.
A network (reticulum) of strands is seen after staining the cell with special days

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37
Q

Rh factor

A

antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals.

38
Q

serum

A

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells.
Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot.
It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors.

39
Q

stem cell

A

unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms.
A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells.

40
Q

thrombin

A

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation.

41
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet

42
Q

Ab

A

Antibody

43
Q

ABMT

A

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant

44
Q

ABO

A

four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O

45
Q

ALL

A

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia

46
Q

AML

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

47
Q

ANC

A

Absolutee Neutrophil Count

48
Q

ASCT

A

Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

49
Q

bands

A

immature white blood cells (granulocytes)

50
Q

baso

A

basophils

51
Q

BMT

A

Bone Marrow Transplantation

52
Q

CBC

A

Complete Blood Count

53
Q

CLL

A

Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia

54
Q

CML

A

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

55
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

  • bleeding disorder marked by reduction in blood clotting factors
56
Q

diff

A

differential count (white blood cells)

57
Q

EBV

A

Epstein-Barr Virus;
cause of mononucleosis

58
Q

eos

A

eosinophils

59
Q

EPO

A

Erythropoientin

60
Q

ESR

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

61
Q

Fe

A

Iron

62
Q

G-CSF

A

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

  • promotes neutrophil porduction
63
Q

GM-CSF

A

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

  • promotes myeloid progenitor cells with differentiation to granulocytes
64
Q

g/dL

A

gram per deciliter

(1 deciliter = 1/10 of a liter or just over 3 ounces)

65
Q

GVHD

A

Graft-Versus-Host Disease

  • immune reaction of donnor’s cells to recipient’s tissue
66
Q

HCL

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

  • abnormal lymphocytes accumulate in bone marrow, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and infection
67
Q

Hct

A

Hematocrit

68
Q

Hgb, HGB

A

Hemoglobin

69
Q

H and H

A

Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

70
Q

HLA

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen

71
Q

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

A

Immunoglobulins

72
Q

INR

A

International Normalized Ratio

73
Q

ITP

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

74
Q

lymphs

A

lymphocytes

75
Q

MCH

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

  • average amount of hemoglobin per cell
76
Q

MCHC

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

  • average concentration of hemoglobin in a single red cell
77
Q

MCV

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume

  • average volume or size of a single red blood cell
78
Q

μL

A

microliter

79
Q

MDS

A

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

  • preleukemic condition
80
Q

mm³

A

cubic millimeter

81
Q

mono

A

monocyte

82
Q

polys, PMNs, PMNLs

A

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes;

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

83
Q

PT, pro time

A

Prothrombin Time

84
Q

PTT

A

Partial Thromboplastin Time

85
Q

RBC

A

Red Blood Cell count

86
Q

sed rate

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

87
Q

segs

A

segmented, mature white blood cells
(neutrophils)

88
Q

SMAC

A

Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer

  • an automated chemistry system that determines substances in serum
89
Q

WBC

A

White Blood Cell count

90
Q

WNL

A

Within Normal Limits

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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