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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch15 Vocab. & Abbrev. > Flashcards

Ch15 Vocab. & Abbrev. Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

rounded depression (or socket) in the pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint

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2
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.
overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with clavicle

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3
Q

bone

A

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

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4
Q

bone depression

A

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or as passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

bone process

A

enlarged area that extends from bones, covered in articular cartilage and serves as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

ex. bone head, condyle, epicondyle, trochanter, tubercle, and tuberosity

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6
Q

calcium

A

one of the mineral constituents of bone

calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

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7
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

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8
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, connective tissue;
found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces

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9
Q

collagen

A

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues, such as ligaments, tensonds and skin

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10
Q

compact bone

A

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones

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11
Q

cranial bones

A

skull bones;

ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid and temporal

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12
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone

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13
Q

disc

A

flat, round, plate-like structure

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14
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

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15
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of a long bone;

area beyond the epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

facial bones

A

bones of the face;

lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

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17
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant

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18
Q

foramen magnum

A

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

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19
Q

haversian canals

A

minute spaces filled with blood vessels;
found in compact bone

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20
Q

ligament

A

fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones.

ligaments are bands, sheets, and strands located in and around joints

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21
Q

malleolus

A

round process on both sides of the ankle joint.

The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.

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22
Q

manubrium

A

upper portion of the sternum;

joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint

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23
Q

mastoid process

A

rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

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24
Q

medullary cavity

A

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

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25
Q

metaphysis

A

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, -meta means between)

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26
Q

olecranon

A

large process on proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

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27
Q

orthopedist

A

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

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28
Q

osseous tissue

A

bone tissue

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29
Q

osteoblast

A

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

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30
Q

osteoclast

A

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

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31
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding bones;

rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

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32
Q

phosphorus

A

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

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33
Q

physiatrist

A

medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation
(physi/o means function)

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34
Q

pubic symphysis

A

junction of the two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis

(Sym- = together, -physis = to grow)

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35
Q

red bone marrow

A

soft spongy (cancellous) tissue found in the interior of flat bones, such as the hip and breast bone;

site of hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)

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36
Q

ribs

A

twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall.

True ribs are the first 7 pairs;
False ribs are pairs 8-10;
Floating are pairs 11 and 12

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37
Q

sella turcica

A

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

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38
Q

sinus

A

hollow air cavity within a bone

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39
Q

styloid process

A

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

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40
Q

suture

A

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)

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41
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

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42
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

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43
Q

trabeculae

A

supporting latticework of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

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44
Q

vertebra

A

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process and lamina, enclosing the neutral canal and spinal cord

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45
Q

xiphoid process

A

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

46
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

fatty tissue found in
the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

47
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together at a joint

48
Q

articulation

A

any type of joint

49
Q

bursa/bursae

A

sac of fluid near a joint;

promotes smooth gliding of one tissue against another

50
Q

ligament

A

fibrous, connective bands binding bones to other bones;

supports, strengthens and stabilizes the joint

51
Q

meniscus

A

crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure, which helps provides cushion for a joint (such as the knee)

52
Q

suture joint

A

immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull

53
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between bones at a synovial joint;

contains synovial fluid is similar in viscosity to egg white; (syn- = like, ov/o = egg)

54
Q

synovial joint

A

a freely movable joint

55
Q

synovial membrane

A

tissue lining the synovial cavity;

it produces synovial fluid

56
Q

tendon

A

fibrous, connective tissue binding muscles to bones

57
Q

abduction

A

movement AWAY from the midline of the body

58
Q

adduction

A

movement TOWARD the midline of the body

59
Q

dorsiflexion

A

upward movement of the foot;
achieved through ankle motion

60
Q

extension

A

straightening of a flexed limb;
decreasing the angle between bones

61
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

62
Q

flexion

A

bending a limb;

decreasing the angle between bones

63
Q

insertion of a muscle

A

connection of the muscle to a bone that moves;

usually distoral on the skeleton

64
Q

origin of a muscle

A

connection of the muscle to a stationary bone;

usually proximal on a skeleton

65
Q

plantar flexion

A

downward movement of the foot;

achieved through ankle motion

66
Q

pronation

A

turning the palm downward

67
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around a central point

internal rotation; towards the center of the body
external rotation; away from the center of the body

68
Q

striated muscle

A

muscle connected to bones;
voluntary or skeletal muscle

69
Q

supination

A

turning the palm upward

70
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle connected to internal organs;
involuntary or smooth muscle

71
Q

AC

A

Acromioclavicular (joint)

72
Q

ACL

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament of the knee

73
Q

AKA

A

Above Knee Amputation

74
Q

ANA

A

Antinuclear Antibody
- indicator of systemic lupus erythematosus

75
Q

BKA

A

Below-Knee Amputation

76
Q

BMD

A

Bone Mineral Density

77
Q

C1 - C7

A

Cervical Vertebrae

78
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

79
Q

CK

A

Creatine Kinase
-enzyme elevated in muscle disease

80
Q

CMC

A

Carpometacarpal (joint)

81
Q

CTS

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

82
Q

DEXA or DXA

A

Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

-a test of bone mineral density

83
Q

DJD

A

Degenterative joint Disease

84
Q

DMARD

A

Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug

85
Q

DO

A

Doctor of Osteopathy

86
Q

DTRs

A

Deep Tendon Reflexes

87
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

88
Q

ESR (sed rate)

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

  • Indicates Inflammation
89
Q

Fx

A

Fracture

90
Q

HNP

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

91
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

92
Q

L1 - L5

A

Lumbar Vertebrae

93
Q

MCL

A

Medial Collateral Ligament of the knee

94
Q

NSAID

A

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
- often prescribed to treat musculoskeletal disorders

95
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis

96
Q

ORIF

A

Open Reduction (of fracture)/internal Fixation

97
Q

ortho

A

orthopedics

98
Q

OT

A

Occupational Therapy

-helps with impaired musculoskeletal function perform activities of daily living

99
Q

P

A

phosphorus

100
Q

PT

A

Physical Therapy

-helps with movement disorders regain use of muscles and joints after injury or surgery

101
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

102
Q

RF

A

Rheumatoid Factor

103
Q

ROM

A

Range of Motion

104
Q

SC

A

Sternoclavicular joint

105
Q

SLE

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

106
Q

T1 - T12

A

Thoracic vertebrae

107
Q

TKR/TKA

A

Total Knee Replacement / Anthroplasty

108
Q

THR/THA

A

Total Hip Replacement / Arthroplasty

109
Q

TMJ

A

Temporomandibular Joint

110
Q

TSR

A

Total Shoulder Replacement

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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