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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch20 Vocab. & Abbrev. > Flashcards

Ch20 Vocab. & Abbrev. Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angiography

A

x-ray image (angiogram) of blood vessels and heart chambers is obtained after contrast is injected through a catheter into the appropriate blood vessel or heart chamber

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2
Q

cholangiography

A

x-ray imaging after injection of contrast into bile ducts

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3
Q

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

A

x-ray image of contrast-injected blood vessels is produced by taking two x-ray pictures (the first without contrast) and using a computer to subtract obsurring shadows form the second image

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4
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

x-ray record of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes is obtained after injection of contrast material through the vagina and into the endocervical canal

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5
Q

myelography

A

x-ray imaging of the spinal cord (myel/o) after injection of contrast agent into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord

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6
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

diagnostic x-ray procedure whereby a cross-sectional image of a specific body segment is produced. Newer CTT scanners can create 3D images as well

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7
Q

contrast studies

A

radiopaque materials (contrast media) are injected to obtain contrast between issues that would be indistinguishable from one another

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8
Q

gamma camera

A

machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals during scanning for diagnostic purposes

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9
Q

half-life

A

time requirerd for a radioactive substances used in tracer studies

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10
Q

interventional radiology

A

therapeutic or diagnostic procedures performed by a radiologist.

examples are needle biopsy of a mass & drainage of an abscess, typically under guidance of CT, ultrasound, or fluoroscopy

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11
Q

in vitro

A

process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed outside a living organism, oftn rina test tube

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12
Q

in vivo

A

process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed within a living organism

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13
Q

ionization

A

transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charged particles.

x-rays cause ionization of particles within tissues

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14
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic field and radio waves produce sagittal, coronal, and axial images of the body

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15
Q

nuclear medicine

A

medical specialty that uses radioactive substances (radionuclides) in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

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16
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

positron-emitting radioactive substances given intravenously create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism based on local concentration of the radioactive substance.

PET scans give information about metabolic activity

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17
Q

radioimmunoassay

A

test combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient’s blood

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18
Q

radioisotope

A

radioactive form of an element substance; radionuclide

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19
Q

radiolabeled compound

A

radiopharmaceutical;

used in nuclear medicine studies

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20
Q

radiology

A

medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and their use in the diagnosis of disease.

it includes other forms of energy, such as ultrasound and magnetic waves.
Also called diagnostic radiology

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21
Q

radiolucent

A

permitting the passage of x-rays.

radiolucent structures appear black on x-ray images

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22
Q

radionuclide

A

radioactive form of an element that gives off energy in the form of radiation;

radioisotopes

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23
Q

radiopaque

A

obstructing the passage of x-rays.

radiopaque structures appear white on the x-ray images

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24
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

radioactive drug (radionuclide plus chemical) that is administer safely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes;

a radiotracer

an example is technetium-99m, which combines with albumin (for lung perfusion) and DTPA (for renal imaging)

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25
Q

scan

A

image of an area, organ or tissue oof the body obtained from ultrasonography, radioactive tracer studies, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging.

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26
Q

scintigraphy

A

diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceuticals and gamma cameras to create images

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27
Q

single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

A

radioactive tracer is injected intravenously and a computer reconstructs a 3D image based on a composite of many views

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28
Q

tagging

A

attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its path in the body

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29
Q

tracer studies

A

radionuclides are used as tags, or labels, attached to chemicals and followed as they travel through the body

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30
Q

ultrasonography (US,u/S)

A

diagnostic technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the body

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31
Q

ultrasound transducer

A

handheld devices that sends and receives ultrasound signals

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32
Q

uptake

A

rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue

33
Q

ventilation-perfusion study (V/Q scan)

A

consists of two scans:
a ventilation scan performed using an inhaled radiopharmaceutical and a perfusion scan using an intravenously injected radiopharmaceutical.

Used to evaluate for pulmonary embolism

34
Q

angio

A

angiography

35
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

36
Q

Ba

A

Barium

37
Q

BE

A

Barium Enema

38
Q

C-spine

A

Cervical Spine

39
Q

CT

A

Computed Tomography

40
Q

CXR

A

Chest X-Ray

41
Q

Decub

A

Decubitus
-lying down

42
Q

DICOM

A

Digital Image communication in Medicine
- standard protocol for storage and transmission of images between imaging devices

43
Q

DI

A

Diagnostic Imaging

44
Q

DSA

A

Digital Subtraction angiography

45
Q

EBUS

A

Endobronchial Ultrasound

46
Q

EBUS-TBNA

A

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

47
Q

ECHO

A

Echocardiography

48
Q

EUS

A

Endoscopic Ultrasonography

49
Q

18f-FDG

A

Fluorodeoxyglucose -

radiopharmaceutical used in PET scanning;
18-F-FDG

50
Q

fMRI

A

functional MRI

51
Q

Gd

A

Gadolinium
- MRI contrast agent

52
Q

I-123

A

isotope of radioactive iodine
- used in thyroid scans

53
Q

I-131

A

isotope of radioactive iodine
- used in diagnosis (thyroid scan) and treatment for thyroid cancer

54
Q

IVP

A

Intravenous Pyelograrm

55
Q

KUB

A

Kidney-Ureters-Bladder
- x-ray imaging without contrast

56
Q

LAT

A

Lateral

57
Q

LS films

A

Lumbosacral (spine) Films

58
Q

L-spine

A

Lumbar Spine

59
Q

MDCT

A

multidetector CT scanner

60
Q

MR, MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance , Magnetic Resonance Imaging

61
Q

MRA

A

Magnetic Resonance angiography

62
Q

MRV

A

Magnetic Resonance Venography

63
Q

MUGA

A

Multiple-Gated Acquisition (scan)
- radioactive of heart function

64
Q

PA

A

Posteroanterior

65
Q

PACS

A

Picture Archival and communications System
- medical imaging technology providing storage and access for images from multiple modalities

66
Q

PET

A

Positron Emission Tomography

67
Q

PET-CT

A

Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography

  • performed using a single machine
68
Q

PET-MRI

A

Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonants Imaging

69
Q

RAIU

A

Radioactive Iodine Uptake (test)
- tests thyroid gland function

70
Q

RFA

A

Radiofrequency Ablation

71
Q

SBFT

A

Small Bowel Follow-Through

72
Q

SPECT

A

Single photon Emission Computed Tomography
- radioactive substances and a computer are used to create 3D images

73
Q

Tc-99m

A

radioactive technetium
-common medical isotope used in heart, brain, thyroid, liver, bone, and lung

74
Q

TI-201

A

thallium-201
- radioisotope used in scanning heart muscle

75
Q

T-Spine

A

Thoracic Spine

76
Q

UGI

A

Upper Gastrointestinal (series)

77
Q

US, U/S

A

Ultrasound;
Ultrasonography

78
Q

V/Q scan

A

Ventilation-Perfusion scan of the lungs
(Q stands for rate of blood flow or blood volume)

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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