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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch12 Vocab. & Abbrev. > Flashcards

Ch12 Vocab. & Abbrev. Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoids

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx;
pharyngeal tonsils

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2
Q

alveolus, alveoli

A

air sac in the lung

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3
Q

apex of the lung

A

tip or upperrmost portion of the lung.

An apex is the tip of a structure.

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4
Q

base of the lung

A

lower portion of the lung

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5
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi.

Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts.

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6
Q

bronchus, bronchi

A

branches of the trachea(windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung;

bronchial tube

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7
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

gas produced by the body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine;

exhaled through the lungs

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8
Q

cilia

A

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract.

They clear foreign substances from the lung.

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9
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the chest and the abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out.

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

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11
Q

exhalation

A

breathing out; expiration

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12
Q

hilum of the lung

A

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.

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13
Q

inhalation

A

breathing in; inspiration

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14
Q

larynx

A

voice box;
containing the vocal cords

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15
Q

lobe

A

division of the lung

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16
Q

mediastinum

A

region between the lungs in the chest cavity.

Contains trachea, heart, lymph nodes, major blood vessels, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.

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17
Q

nares

A

opening through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities;

nostrils

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18
Q

oxygen (O2)

A

gas that makes up 21% of the air that we breathe.

Passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.

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19
Q

palatine tonsil

A

one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

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20
Q

paranasal sinus

A

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

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21
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

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22
Q

pharynx

A

throat;

including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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23
Q

pleura

A

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

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24
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the layers of the pleura

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25
Q

pulmonary parenchyma

A

essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli

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26
Q

respiration

A

exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration or breathing) and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration)

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27
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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28
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.

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29
Q

anthracosis

A

coal dust accumulates in the lungs

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30
Q

asbestosis

A

asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

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31
Q

bacilli/bacillus

A

rod-shaped bacteria

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32
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs.

Caused by smoking, air pollution, chronic infections and in some cases asthma.

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33
Q

cor pulmonale

A

failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

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34
Q

exudates

A

fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation.

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35
Q

infiltrate

A

collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image.

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36
Q

palliative

A

relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease

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37
Q

paroxysmal

A

pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure;

oxysm/o means sudden

38
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)

39
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

40
Q

silicosis

A

disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs;

occurs in mining occupations

41
Q

ABGs

A

Arterial Blood Gases

42
Q

AFB

A

Acid-Fast Bacillus

type of organism that causes tuberculosis

43
Q

ARDS

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

severe sudden injury caused by acute illness

44
Q

BAL

A

Bronchoalveolar Lavage

45
Q

Bronch

A

Bronchoscopy

46
Q

CF

A

Cystic Fibrosis

47
Q

CO2

A

Carbon Dioxide

48
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

airway obstruction associated w/ emphysema and chronic bronchitis

49
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

50
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

using CAB; Circulation (external compressions), Airway (tilting head), Breathing (mouth to mouth)

51
Q

C&S

A

Culture and Sensitivity testing

52
Q

CTPA

A

Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiogram

53
Q

CT-PE

A

Chest CT for Pulmonary Emboli

54
Q

CXR

A

Chest X-Ray

55
Q

DLCO

A

Diffusion Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide

56
Q

DOE

A

Dyspnea On Exertion

57
Q

DPT

A

Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

Toxoids for vaccination of infants, to provide immunity to these diseases

58
Q

EBUS

A

Endobronchial ultrasound

59
Q

FEV1

A

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second

60
Q

FVC

A

Forced Vital Capacity

amount of gas that can be forcibly and rapidly exhaled after a full inspiration

61
Q

ICU

A

Intensive Care Unit

62
Q

LLL

A

Left Lower Lobe (of lung)

63
Q

LUL

A

Left Upper Lobe (of lung)

64
Q

MAC

A

Mycobacterium Avium Complex

cause of a noncontagious lung infection related to tuberculosis

65
Q

MDI

A

Metered-Dose Inhaler

to deliver aerosolized medications to patients

66
Q

NSCLS

A

Non-small cell Lung Cancer

67
Q

O2

A

Oxygenn

68
Q

OSA

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

69
Q

PaCO2

A

Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure

measure of the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

70
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

seen in patients with AIDS or other immunosuppression

71
Q

PE

A

Pulmonary Embolism

72
Q

PEP

A

Positive Expiratory Pressure

mechanical ventilator strategy;
patient takes deep breath and exhales through a device resisting air flow

73
Q

PEEP

A

Positive End-Expiratory Pressure

mechanical ventilator setting which airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure

74
Q

PFTs

A

Pulmonary Function Test

75
Q

PND

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

76
Q

PPD

A

Purified Protein Derivative

substance used in tuberculosis testing

77
Q

RDS

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

in newborn; marked by dyspnea and cyanosis, related to absence of surfactant;

also called hyaline membrane disease

78
Q

RLL

A

Right Lower Lobe (of lung)

79
Q

RML

A

Right Middle Lobe (of lung)

80
Q

RSV

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Common cause of bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia and common cold

81
Q

RUL

A

Right Upper Lobe (of lung)

82
Q

RV

A

Residual Volume

amount of air in the lungs at the end of a max. expiration

83
Q

SABA

A

Short-Acting Beta Agonist

for relief of asthma symptoms

84
Q

SCLC

A

Small Cell Lung Cancer

85
Q

SOB

A

Shortness Of Breath

86
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

87
Q

TLC

A

Total Lung Capacity

volume of gas in the lungs at end of max. inspiration
=VC+RV

88
Q

URI

A

Upper Respiratory Infection

89
Q

Vt

A

Tidal Volume

amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal ventilation

90
Q

VATS

A

Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery

91
Q

VC

A

Vital Capacity

max. volume of air expelled from lung after taking the deepest breath possible

92
Q

V/Q scan

A

Ventilation-perfusion Scan

radioactive test of lung ventilation and blood perfusion throughout lung capillaries

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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