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Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. > Ch17 Vocab. & Abbrev. > Flashcards

Ch17 Vocab. & Abbrev. Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

accommodation

A

normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near.
When this occurs, the ciliary body adjusts the lens (rounding it) and the pupil constricts.
When the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body flattens the lens and the pupil dilates.

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2
Q

anterior chamber

A

area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris.
Contains aqueous humor

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3
Q

aqueous humor

A

fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamberr.
A humor is any body fluid, including blood and lymph.

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4
Q

biconvex

A

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere.
The lens of an eye is a biconvex body.

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5
Q

choroid

A

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera.

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6
Q

ciliary body

A

structure surrounding the lens that connects the iris to the choroid.
It secretes aqueous humor.

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7
Q

cone

A

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse.
Cones are responsible for color and the central vision

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8
Q

conjunctiva

A

delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball up to the cornea

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9
Q

cornea

A

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
Protrudes outward, it was thought to resemble a horn

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10
Q

fovea centralis

A

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

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11
Q

fundus of the eye

A

posterior, inner part of the eye;

visualized with an ophthalmoscope

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12
Q

iris

A

pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye.
The central opening of the iris is the pupil.

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13
Q

lens

A

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye.
It bends (retracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.

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14
Q

macula

A

small oval region on the retina near the optic nerve meets the retina.
It is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light.

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15
Q

optic chiasm

A

point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

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16
Q

optic disc

A

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina.
It is the blind spot oof the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light.

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17
Q

optic nerve

A

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex)

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18
Q

pupil

A

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass.
It appears dark.

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19
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina.
Refract means break (-fract) back (re-)

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20
Q

retina

A

light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)

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21
Q

rod

A

photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in low light and for peripheral vision

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22
Q

sclera

A

tough, white outer coat of the eyeball

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23
Q

thalamus

A

relay center of the brain.
Optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex

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24
Q

vitreous humor

A

soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber;
helps maintain the shape of the eyeball. often referred to as the vitreous

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25
Q

auditory canal

A

channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

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26
Q

auditory meatus

A

auditory canal

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27
Q

auditory nerve fibers

A

carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex).
These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)

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28
Q

auricle

A

the protruding part of the external ear;
or pinna

29
Q

cerumen

A

waxy substance secreted by the external ear;
earwax

30
Q

cochlea

A

snail shell-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear;

contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.

31
Q

endolymph

A

fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear

32
Q

eustachian tube

A

auditory tube

33
Q

incus

A

second ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear;

incus means anvil

34
Q

labyrinth

A

maze-like serries of canals of the inner ear.
This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

35
Q

malleus

A

first ossicle of the middle ear;

malleus means hammer

36
Q

organ of Corti

A

sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear

37
Q

ossicle

A

small bone of the ear;

includes the malleus, incus, and stapes

38
Q

oval window

A

membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear

39
Q

perilymph

A

fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear

40
Q

pinna

A

auricle;
flap of the ear

41
Q

semicircular canals

A

passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium

42
Q

stapes

A

third ossicle of the middle ear.
Stapes means stirrup

43
Q

tympanic membrane

A

membrane between the outer and the middle ear;

also called the eardrum

44
Q

vestibule

A

central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea.
The vestibule contains two structures, the saccule and utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium

45
Q

ALT

A

Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty

46
Q

AMD

A

Age-related Macular Degeneration

47
Q

HEENT

A

Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat

48
Q

IOL

A

Intraocular Lens

49
Q

LASIK

A

Laser In Situ Keratomileusis

50
Q

OCT

A

Optical Coherence Tomography

51
Q

OS

A

left eye

52
Q

OU

A

both eyes

53
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils, Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation

54
Q

POAG

A

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

55
Q

PRK

A

Photorefractive Keratectomy
- a laser beam flattens the top laye of the cornea to correct myopia

56
Q

SLT

A

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty

57
Q

VA

A

Visual Acuity

58
Q

VF

A

Visual Field

59
Q

AD

A

Right Ear

60
Q

AOM

A

Acute Otitis Media

61
Q

AS

A

left ear

62
Q

BPPV

A

Benign Paroxysmal positional Vertigo

63
Q

EENT

A

Eyes, Ears, Nose. and Throat

64
Q

ENG

A

Electronystagmography
- a test of the balance mechanism of the inner ear by assessing eye movements

65
Q

ENT

A

Ears, Nose, and Throat

66
Q

ETD

A

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

67
Q

HEENT

A

Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Float

68
Q

PE tube

A

Pressure-Equalizing tube
- polyethylene ventilating tube placed in the eardrum (to treat recurrent episodes of acute otitis media)

69
Q

SOM

A

Serous Otitis Media

Medical Term. Ch12-Ch22, Vocab. & Abbv. (13 decks)

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