Ch.2 Sec. 1 Geography Flashcards
Upper and lower mantle
Consists of molten rock called Magma
1800 miles thick
Outer core
Made of molten, iron, nickel
1400 miles thick
Inner core
2000 degrees Fahrenheit
Made of iron
Solid bc of pressure
700 miles thick
Tectonic plates
The sections of earths crust
Continental drift
The slow movement of the continents
Mountain
A high steep elevation
Hill
Slopes upward but less steep and rigid than a mountain
Plain
A level area
Plateau
A plain that sits high above sea level and usually has a cliff on all sides
Continental shelf
The edge of a continent often extends out under the water
Continental rise
Beyond the slope, before the ocean floor where the land slopes slightly upward
Valley
Low-lying area that is surrounded by mountains
Crust
Outer part of the earth
About 30 miles thick
Solid
Large bodies of salt water
Oceans
Smaller bodies of salt water
Seas
The process by which rocks and soil slowly break apart and are swept away
Erosion
Process where the sun heats the ocean and water vapor rises into the atmosphere
Evaporation
Large body of water that is surrounded by land
Lake
Process of water droplets falling back to the earth
Precipitation
When air water wind or ice slowly where away rocks and soil
Weathering
A mountain that erupts in an explosion of molten rock gases and ashes
Volcano
Continuously moving flows of water that circulate through the oceans and affect climate
Currents
The beginning of spring and autumn
Equinox
Earth’s tilt creates these
Seasons
Large powerful ocean waves that can cause great distruction along the coast
Tsunamis
A circle of volcanoes and earthquakes along the rim of the Pacific ocean
Ring of fire
Finally shaking of the earths crust
Earthquake
Process were cooler temperatures and atmosphere cause water vapor to turn into clouds
Condensation
The exact moment in which summer and winter start
Solstice
Process where precipitation soaks into ground and runs into rivers and eventually the ocean
Runoff
Path of water that flows from a higher elevation to a lower elevation
River
A dense oceanic plate dives under a less dense continental plate often forms volcanoes
Subduction
As the oceanic plates spread apart magma pushes up, creates mountains and an expanding ocean floor
Divergence
Two continental plates collide and are pushed upward, causes steep mountain ranges
Convergence
Two plates slide past each other causing a crack or fall in the crust, causes earthquakes
Transform
Scientists progress
They have come along way in predicting when earthquakes volcanoes etc. are going to come, make progress and how to prepare places for natural disasters
What is essential to life on earth
Water
What contains salt and other minerals and is the world’s major source of seafood supply and transportation
Salt water, ocean and sea
What is the solar system formed of
The sun and the earth and seven other planets
How many miles per hour does the earth revolves around the sun at
67000
Axis
Earth rotates on its axis, and imaginary line that runs from north pole to the South Pole
What degree does earth tilt at
23.5°
