ch2 (chemistry of life) Flashcards
what are three parts of an atom, what charges are they, and where are they located?
proton: positive (+), inside the nucleus
Neutrons: no charge, inside nucleus
electron: negative (-), orbiting outside nucleus
what are isotopes ?
atoms of the same element that differ in the number of Neutron they contain
what can isotopes be used for ?
to determine the ages of rocks and fossils,treat cancer, kill bacteria that makes food spoil, and to follow movement within an organism
what holds compounds together ?
a chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
how are compounds and mixtures different
mixtures are physically combined and not physically combined
ionic bond
a bond formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
covalent bond
bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms
what are valence electrons
electrons in the outer shell/orbit
how are valence electrons involved in ion formation
they are the electrons that are gained or lost in an ionic bond
what is a solute
substance that is dissolved
solvent
substance in which the solute dissolves
reactants
elements that enter into a chemical reaction
products
elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
what ions do bases form in a solution
OH-
where do reactants bind to the enzyme
the active site
in what type of reaction dose the product have more energy than the reactant
energy obsorbing reaction
characteristics of acids
higher consintration of H+ ions than water and their ph values are below 7
what are bases also known as
alkaline
base
contain lower consintrations of h+ ions that water and their ph values are above 7
what dose the atomic # tell you
the amount of protons in an element and there for the amount of electrons
what is the mass# and what can u use it to find
it is the # of protons + neutrons. you can find the # of nuetrons by subtracting the atomic # from the mass#
enzyme
a protein that works as a biological catalyst. they speed up the rate of chemical reactions within a cell
what is a carbohydrate (what are they used for in living organisms and what elements are they made of )
an organic compounds made up carbon, hydrogen and oxygen usually in a 1:2:1 ratio. living things use these as main source on energy and sometimes for structural purposes
lipid
organic compounds made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms. used to store energy and some are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
Protiens
macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. made of amino acids. control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, to form bones and muscles, and transport substances in/out of cells
Nucleic acid
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous. they store and transmit hereditary or genetic info.
what are the 2 types of nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
macromolecules are formed by what process
polymerization
what is polymerization
when monomers are joined to form polymers
what is polarity
when there is an uneven distribution of electrons in atoms
monosacharide
simple sugars
cohesion
the attraction between the same type os substances (surface tension)
adhesian
attraction between different types of substances
