Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > ch 10 & 11 (cell growth & division) > Flashcards

ch 10 & 11 (cell growth & division) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the main reasons why a cell cannot get too big

A
  • the larger a cell becomes, the harder it is for the cell to move enough substances through itself
  • a large cell also puts more demands on DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is meiosis

A

gamete production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the phases of the cell cycle and what happens in each one?

A

G1 phase- cell growth
S phase- DNA replication
G2 Phase-Preparing for mitosis
M phase- Mitosis and cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is mitosis divided into

A

prophase, metaphase, Anaphase and telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is mitosis

A

the division of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is cytokines

A

the division of the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is cell division

A

the process by which a cell divides into 2 daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how dose cell division solve problems of increasing size

A

by reducing cell volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

centromere

A

the area where a pair of chromatin attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the cell cycle

A

the series of events that a cell goes through as they grow and divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the spindle

A

a fan-like micro tube structure that helps separate chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

during meiosis 1 what happens in inter-phase 1?

A

cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

during meiosis 1 what happens in phrophase 1

A

each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

during meiosis 1 what happens in metaphase 1

A

spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

during meiosis 1 what happens in anaphase

A

the fibers pull the homologus chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

during meiosis 1 what happens in telophase and cytokinesis

A

nuclear membranes form. the cell separates into two cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

during meiosis 2 what happens in phrophase 2

A

meiosis 1 results in two haploid (N) daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

during meiosis 2 what happens in metaphase 2

A

the chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

during meiosis 2 what happens in anaphase 2

A

the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

during meiosis 2 what happens in telophase 2 and cytokinesis

A

meiosis 2 results in 4 haploid (N) daughter cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2N

A

diploid

22
Q

N

A

haploid

23
Q

what are the two main stages of cell division

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

24
Q

chromosomes

A
  • passes genetic info. from a generation to another

- made of DNA bound to proteins

25
Q

when a cell divides in the cell cycle what is formed

A

two genetically identical daughter cells

26
Q

what happens in interphase during the cell cycle

A

the cell grows and replicates its DNA and centrioles

27
Q

what happens in prophase during the cell cycle

A

the chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form. the nuclear envelope breaks down

28
Q

what happens in metaphase during the cell cycle

A

the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere

29
Q

what happens in anaphase during the cell cycle

A

the sister chromatids seperates into individual chromosomes and are moved apart

30
Q

what happens in telophase during the cell cycle

A

the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes. Two new nuclear envelopes will form

31
Q

what happens in cytokinesis during the cell cycle

A

the cytoplasm pinches in half. each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicite chromosomes

32
Q

what are 3 different types cell cycle regulations

A

cyclins, INternal regulators,external regulators

33
Q

cyclins,

A

regulate the timing of cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

34
Q

iNternal regulators

A

proteins that respond to events inside the cell

35
Q

external regulators

A

protines that respond to events outside the cell

36
Q

cancer

A

uncontrolled cell growth

cells that do not respond to signals that regulate the growth of the cells

37
Q

what are some causes of cancer

A

smoking tobacco
radiation exposure
viral infection

38
Q

what gene is linked to cancer

A

p 53, which normally halts the cell cycle unti all chromosomes have been properly replicated

39
Q

what are gamates, what are they specificly in male and females

A

sex cells
females- eggs
males-sperm

40
Q

what are some other reasons why cells divide

A

growth
repair
asexual reproduction

41
Q

diploid/2N

A
  • fullest set of chromosomes

- contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

42
Q

how many chromosomes doe a human cell have

A

46

43
Q

where do you get your 46 chromosomes?

A

23 from mom

23 from dad

44
Q

haploid/N

A

1/2 set of chromosomes

45
Q

what cells are haploids in humans, how many chromosomes do they have

A

sex cells/gamates

23 chromosomes

46
Q

what are the two stages of meiosis

A

meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

47
Q

tetrad

A

a structure formed by chromosomes paring with is corresponding homologous chromosome
(paring of homologous chromosomes)

48
Q

WHEN Chromosomes are normally visible

A

when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division

49
Q

what is crossing-over

A

when tetrads exchange portions of their chromatids

50
Q

what are some similarities between mitosis and meiosis

A
  • both processes begin with diploid cells

- both considered as cell division

51
Q

what are some differences between mitosis and meiosis

A

mitosis
produces 2 genetically identical diploid cells,asextual reproduction,1 division

meiosis
produces 4 genetically different haploid cells, sextual reproduction, 2divisions

52
Q

what is a homologous chromosome

A

chromosomes that are approximately the same size and contain same types of genes in the same locations

Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions