Ch2 Flashcards
to master key concepts by September 24th
When a member of the research team poses as a participant and follows a script to give other participants a particular impression, that person is a _____
confederate
Research designed to examine the relationship between two naturally occurring variables is _____
correlational research
Research that asks participants to provide detailed descriptions of their attitudes toward and emotional responses to a topic is _____.
qualitative
A study about whether watching violent television programs affects aggressive behavior in children is using _____ as the dependent variable
aggression
The variable that the experimenter is manipulating in an experiment is the _____ variable
independent variable
A researcher who obtains a position as an advisor to a campus organization in order to study the social behavior of students is engaging in _____.
participant observation
Applied research differs from basic research in what way?
How connected the research is to a social problem
When a variable has been clearly described and measured, we say that it _____.
has been operationalized
The tendency for researchers to publish works that support their hypotheses and leave works with insignificant findings unpublished is known as _____.
the file-drawer effect
The use of statistical techniques to summarize results from similar studies to estimate the overall size of the effect describes _____.
meta-analysis
What organization establishes rules and regulations designed to protect research participants from harm during scientific studies?
Institutional review boards are set up for this purpose.
A scientist studying obedience to authority let participants think they were administering electric shocks to people who were not answering questions correctly. Which of the following does this exemplify?
Using deception and confederates in research.
How would you explain the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory?
Theories are used to generate hypotheses.
The primary disadvantage of experimental research is which of the following?
The high level of control in experiments can reduce external validity.
A researcher who uses random selection is trying to obtain _____.
a representative sample
Before participating in a research study, subjects are given information about the study so they can decide whether they want to participate. What is this process called?
Obtaining informed consent
The experimental method is designed to _____.
examine cause-effect relationships
What is the potential problem that may arise if a researcher using observational methods allows preconceived ideas to affect the nature of the observations?
Observer bias
The dilemma of having greater control versus greater realism in social science experiments may be resolved by using _____.
virtual environment technology
A study designed to determine how often people greet strangers in a mall is an example of which research method?
Naturalistic observation
