CH10 Flashcards
Sharing that which is inmost with others
Intimacy
The creating of psychological boundaries between people so that one experiences another as a part of him or herself is often identified as the most distinguishing feature of intimacy.(TF)
False (The removal of psychological boundaries between people, so that one experiences another as part of him- or herself, is often identified as the most important distinguishing feature of intimacy.)
Which process is associated with greater relationship quality, commitment, and relationship-maintaining behaviors?
a. Intimacy
b. Self-expansion
c. Facilitation
d. Intimidation
b. Self-expansion
Which of the following is NOT likely to be an example of a communal relationship?
a. Friends
b. Family
c. Employer
d. Intimate relationships
c. Employer
Self-schema is one way in which intimate relationships are the reflection of the _____ of the other into self-concepts.
a. differentiation
b. embodiment
c. inclusion
d. exclusion
c. inclusion
Establishing a communal relationship in a budding romance or friendship is so important to many people that the relationship can be destroyed if one partner maintains an exchange orientation by regularly trying to balance costs and rewards. (TF)
TRUE
Which type of relationship is built upon a concern for equity?
a. Exchange
b. Communal
c. Resource-dependent
d. Autonomous
a. Exchange
Intimacy is…
an inclusion of others in one’s self-concept.
based on a communal relationship rather than an exchange relationship.
True intimacy
_____ is also known as sharing that which is inmost with other people.
a. Facilitation
b. Intimidation
c. Efficacy
d. Intimacy
d. Intimacy
The strong emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
attachment
The bond between infant and caregiver is considered a secondary relationship. (TF)
False (The bond that develops between infants and their caregivers is considered the cornerstone for all other relationships in a child’s life.)
If left unattended for long periods, Bowlby said infants will develop emotional despair and begin to behave independently. (TF)
False (They will develop emotional detachment.)
Bowlby proposed a standard pattern of three responses produced by infants of many species when they become separated from their primary caregivers: protest, despair, and detachment. (TF)
TRUE
Securely attached individuals quickly recognize the warm and affectionate behavior of others toward them as an overture for intimacy. (TF)
TRUE
Protest, despair, and detachment are the three responses produced by infants when they become separated from their primary caregivers according to _____.
a. Ainsworth
b. Harlow
c. Erikson
d. Bowlby
d. Bowlby
During labor and later during breastfeeding, mothers produce a hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain and has a positive influence on parenting behavior. What is this hormone called?
a. Oxytocin
b. Estrogen
c. Testosterone
d. Serotonin
a. Oxytocin
Difficulty in associating signals of intimacy with the cognitive category of “intimate relationships” causes trouble in the social worlds of the _____ attached.
a. differentially
b. securely
c. temperamentally
d. insecurely
d. insecurely
An expectation about social relationships characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned, and a feeling of being valued and well-liked
secure attachment style
An expectation about social relationships characterized by trust but combined with a feeling of being unworthy of others’ love and a fear of abandonment
preoccupied attachment style
An expectation about social relationships characterized by low trust and avoidance of intimacy, combined with high self-esteem and compulsive self-reliance
dismissing-avoidant attachment style
Dismissing-avoidant attachment style includes an expectation about social relationships characterized by low trust and avoidance of intimacy, combined with a feeling of being unworthy of others’ love and a fear of rejection. (TF)
False (This is characteristic of fearful-avoidant style.)
The two shaping factors in attachment styles result in four attachment styles: preoccupied, secure, dismissing-avoidant, and fearful-avoidant. (TF)
True
If you are high on interpersonal trust and high on self-esteem (i.e. low on avoidance and low on anxiety), you display a _____ attachment pattern.
a. preoccupied
b. secure
c. fearful-avoidant
d. dismissing-avoidant
b. secure
The _____ lover smothers intimacy by being overly possessive, jealous, and emotionally demanding.
a. preoccupied
b. secure
c. fearful-avoidant
d. dismissing-avoidant
a. preoccupied
Which of the following is the term used to describe the strong emotional bond between infants and their caregivers?
a. Detachment
b. Attachment
c. Communal relationships
d. Self-schemas
b. Attachment
The revealing of personal information about oneself to other people
self-disclosure
A theory that describes the development of close relationships in terms of increasing self-disclosure
social penetration theory
North Americans tend to disclose less about themselves in a wider variety of social settings than people from collectivist cultures. (TF)
False (North Americans tend to disclose more about themselves in a wider variety of social settings than do people from collectivist cultures.)
_____ is commonly regarded as the revealing of personal information about oneself to other people.
a. Self-disclosure
b. Self-esteem
c. Social penetration theory
d. Attachment style
a. Self-disclosure
Competition and mate rivalry in men’s friendships is based more on men’s perceptions of their own and their friends’ levels of social dominance and physical prowess. (TF)
TRUE
What is the biggest challenge in cross-sex friendships?
a. Sexual expression
b. Mental tension
c. Verbal expression
d. Sexual tension
d. Sexual tension
Friends-with-benefits relationships are seen by participants as “placeholders” until a more serious, romantic relationship comes along. (TF)
TRUE
Like in heterosexual cross-sex friendships, same-sex homosexual friendships can also lead to sexual activity. (TF)
TRUE
Research has shown that people who are gay drift from one sexual liaison to another and are unsuccessful in developing enduring, committed romantic relationships. (TF)
FALSE (This is actually a myth.)
When establishing relationships online, one must be careful to engage in behaviors that encourage intimacy. (TF)
TRUE
A state of intense longing for union with another
passionate love
A theory that emotional experience is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of the cause of that arousal
two-factor theory of emotions
A psychological process in which arousal caused by one stimulus is transferred and added to arousal elicited by a second stimulus
excitation transfer
Passionate love is a type of love that we feel with our bodies—a warm, tingling, body rush, stomach-in-a-knot kind of love. (TF)
TRUE
_____ occurs when we are in a state of intense longing for union with another.
a. Fervent friendship
b. Passionate lust
c. Platonic love
d. Passionate love
d. Passionate love
Love-struck people experience increased activity in which brain structure, which is integral in the brain’s reward and pleasure system?
a. Medulla
b. Caudate nucleus
c. Spindle neurons
d. Hypothalamus
b. Caudate nucleus
_____ is the process in which arousal, caused by one stimulus is transferred and added to arousal elicited by a second stimulus.
a. Excitation application
b. Social arousal
c. Excitation transfer
d. Social stimulus
c. Excitation transfer
The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined
companionate love
Companionate love is governed by the sexual mating system, in which the goal is to establish and maintain a strong emotional bond between two people. (TF)
FALSE (It is driven by the attachment system.)
According to sociocultural theorists, in most cultures around the world, men’s ascribed status is considerably higher than women’s. (TF)
TRUE
Men place more importance on _____ in choosing a partner.
a. business acumen
b. mental sharpness
c. physical attractiveness
d. social status
c. physical attractiveness
Two types of romantic love consistently found in all studies are…
passionate love and companionate love.
The theory that people are most satisfied in a relationship when the ratio between rewards and costs is similar for both partners
equity theory
People who are overbenefited in a relationship tend to feel guilty and dissatisfied in the relationship, much like the underbenefited individual. (TF)
false (Although people who are overbenefited tend to feel guilty, they are generally also very satisfied and contented with the relationship.)
Which of the following states that people are most satisfied in a relationship when the ratio between rewards and costs is similar for both partners?
a. Infatuation theory
b. Equity theory
c. Intimacy theory
d. Romance theory
b. Equity theory
Failing to notice and react appropriately to our partner’s actions that relate directly to us has no effect on the relationship. (TF)
False (It is likely to have harmful effects on our relationship.)
_____ makes lovers feel better and increases relationship trust.
a. Partner-criticism bias
b. Partner-enhancing bias
c. Self-love
d. Romantic love
b. Partner-enhancing bias
When people do conclude that the relationship is not worth saving, they exit, which is an active, and constructive strategy. (TF)
False (It is a destructive strategy.)
To cope with a troubled relationship, some people adopt the more constructive and active strategy of _____.
a. loyalty
b. exit
c. voice
d. neglect
c. voice
Following a break-up, couples rarely ever maintain some type of friendship that is mutually satisfying. (TF)
False (Following some breakups, former couples are able to transition into a friendship that is mutually satisfying)
People with _____ orientation were the loneliest following a breakup.
a. a more individualist
b. a more collectivist
c. either an individualist or collectivist
d. neither an individualist or collectivist
a. a more individualist
A number of factors determine whether love will endure or fade…
-Social disapproval of a romantic relationship lowers partners’ commitment.
-Romantic relationships are happiest when the ratio between the rewards and costs is similar for both partners.
-The positive self-esteem typical of securely attached individuals fosters romantic satisfaction.
-Couples who idealize each other tend to have happier relationships than those who have more accurate views, but accuracy is important when it provides a partner with information on how s/he is being perceived by the other.
-Being playful with and expressing gratitude to one’s partner fosters relationship satisfaction.
The negative emotional reaction experienced when a relationship that is important to a person’s self-concept is threatened by a real or imagined rival
jealousy
