Ch.2 Flashcards
Threadlike structure in nuclei cells containing material
Chromosomes
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes
Autosomes
The 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the child
Sex chromosomes
Molecule that composes one chromosome; considered the biochemical basis of hereditary
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Group of compounds that provides a set of biochemical instructions
Gene
Complete set of genes that makes up one’s hereditary
Genotype
Physical, behavioral, and psychological features that result from the interaction from one’s genes and the environment(P)
Phenotype
Variations of genes
Alleles
The same alleles in a set of chromosomes
Homozygous
Different alleles in a set of chromosomes
Heterozygous
Allele with followed chemical instructions
Dominant
Allele with ignored chemical instructions in the presence of the dominant allele
Recessive
Phenotypes are the product of the combined activity of separate genes(PI)
Polygenic inheritance
Results of a single fertilized egg splitting to from two new identical twins
Monozygotic twins
Result of two separated eggs fertilized by two sperms/fraternal twins
Dizygotic twins
Deliberately seeking a compatible environment for one’s genetic makeup
Niche-picking
Situations in a family that make siblings different from each other
nonshared environmental influences
The many changes that make a fertilized egg into a newborn
Prenatal development
The fertilized egg
Zygote
Zygote digs into uterine walls and make connection(implants) with a woman’s blood vessels
Implantation
Small cluster of cells near the zygote center that later develops into a baby
Germ disc
A structure which nutrients and wastes are exchanged between pregnant woman and the developing child
Placenta
The zygote after it is implanted in the uterine wall
Embryo
Inner sac where the developing child rests
Amnion
Fluid that surrounds fetus
Amniotic fluid
Structure that houses veins & arteries that join the embryo to the placenta
Umbilical cord
Longest period of prenatal development taking place in the 9-38th week period after conception
Period of the fetus
The age(around 22-28 weeks after conception) when fetus can survive if born due to functioning well.
Age of viability
An agent that can cause abnormal prenatal development
Teratogen
When pregnant mothers consume large amounts of alcohol, it can cause this disorder
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Prenatal diagnostic technique that uses sound waves to generate an image of a pregnant woman’s fetus
Ultrasound
Prenatal diagnostic technique that uses syringe to withdraw a amniotic fluid sample through pregnant woman’s abdomen
Amniocentesis
Prenatal diagnostic technique of taking a tissue sample from the placenta
Chronic villus sampling
Birth complication in which umbilical blood flow is disrupted, causing disrupt in oxygen (H)
Hypoxia
Babies born before the 37th week after conception
Preterm/premature
Newborns weighing less than 2,500g/5.5lbs
Low birth weight
Newborns weighing less than 1,500g/3.3lbs
Very low birth weight
Newborns weighing less than 1,000g/2.2lbs
Extremely low birth weight
Percentage of infants that die before their birthday
Infant mortality
Process where sperm and eggs are mixed in petit dish to create a zygote to be placed in a woman’s uterus
In vitro fertilization
Effort to improve the human species by only letting important characteristics people within society mate and pass their genes
Eugenics
