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Psychology 111 > Ch.2 > Flashcards

Ch.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Threadlike structure in nuclei cells containing material

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes

A

Autosomes

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3
Q

The 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the child

A

Sex chromosomes

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4
Q

Molecule that composes one chromosome; considered the biochemical basis of hereditary

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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5
Q

Group of compounds that provides a set of biochemical instructions

A

Gene

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6
Q

Complete set of genes that makes up one’s hereditary

A

Genotype

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7
Q

Physical, behavioral, and psychological features that result from the interaction from one’s genes and the environment(P)

A

Phenotype

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8
Q

Variations of genes

A

Alleles

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9
Q

The same alleles in a set of chromosomes

A

Homozygous

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10
Q

Different alleles in a set of chromosomes

A

Heterozygous

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11
Q

Allele with followed chemical instructions

A

Dominant

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12
Q

Allele with ignored chemical instructions in the presence of the dominant allele

A

Recessive

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13
Q

Phenotypes are the product of the combined activity of separate genes(PI)

A

Polygenic inheritance

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14
Q

Results of a single fertilized egg splitting to from two new identical twins

A

Monozygotic twins

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15
Q

Result of two separated eggs fertilized by two sperms/fraternal twins

A

Dizygotic twins

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16
Q

Deliberately seeking a compatible environment for one’s genetic makeup

A

Niche-picking

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17
Q

Situations in a family that make siblings different from each other

A

nonshared environmental influences

18
Q

The many changes that make a fertilized egg into a newborn

A

Prenatal development

19
Q

The fertilized egg

A

Zygote

20
Q

Zygote digs into uterine walls and make connection(implants) with a woman’s blood vessels

A

Implantation

21
Q

Small cluster of cells near the zygote center that later develops into a baby

A

Germ disc

22
Q

A structure which nutrients and wastes are exchanged between pregnant woman and the developing child

A

Placenta

23
Q

The zygote after it is implanted in the uterine wall

A

Embryo

24
Q

Inner sac where the developing child rests

A

Amnion

25
Q

Fluid that surrounds fetus

A

Amniotic fluid

26
Q

Structure that houses veins & arteries that join the embryo to the placenta

A

Umbilical cord

27
Q

Longest period of prenatal development taking place in the 9-38th week period after conception

A

Period of the fetus

28
Q

The age(around 22-28 weeks after conception) when fetus can survive if born due to functioning well.

A

Age of viability

29
Q

An agent that can cause abnormal prenatal development

A

Teratogen

30
Q

When pregnant mothers consume large amounts of alcohol, it can cause this disorder

A

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

31
Q

Prenatal diagnostic technique that uses sound waves to generate an image of a pregnant woman’s fetus

A

Ultrasound

32
Q

Prenatal diagnostic technique that uses syringe to withdraw a amniotic fluid sample through pregnant woman’s abdomen

A

Amniocentesis

33
Q

Prenatal diagnostic technique of taking a tissue sample from the placenta

A

Chronic villus sampling

34
Q

Birth complication in which umbilical blood flow is disrupted, causing disrupt in oxygen (H)

A

Hypoxia

35
Q

Babies born before the 37th week after conception

A

Preterm/premature

36
Q

Newborns weighing less than 2,500g/5.5lbs

A

Low birth weight

37
Q

Newborns weighing less than 1,500g/3.3lbs

A

Very low birth weight

38
Q

Newborns weighing less than 1,000g/2.2lbs

A

Extremely low birth weight

39
Q

Percentage of infants that die before their birthday

A

Infant mortality

40
Q

Process where sperm and eggs are mixed in petit dish to create a zygote to be placed in a woman’s uterus

A

In vitro fertilization

41
Q

Effort to improve the human species by only letting important characteristics people within society mate and pass their genes

A

Eugenics

Psychology 111 (12 decks)

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