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Psychology 111 > Ch.1 > Flashcards

Ch.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Study of people’s change and how they remain the same over time

A

Human development

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2
Q

Issue where genetic influences and environmental influences determine the kind of person you are

A

Nature vs nurture issue

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3
Q

Issue whether a developmental phenomenon represents a smooth _progression or abrupt shifts in life

A

Continuity vs discontinuity issue

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4
Q

Whether there is one path of development or several

A

universal and context-specific development issue

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5
Q

Forces involving genetic and health factors

A

Biological forces

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6
Q

Forces involving internal cognitive, emotional, and personality factors

A

Psychological forced

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7
Q

Forces involving interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors

A

Sociocultural forces

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8
Q

Forces that reflect differences in how the same event can affect people of different ages

A

Life-cycle forces

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9
Q

Framework of organizing the biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces of development

A

Biopsychosocial framework

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10
Q

Study of the brain and nervous system, particularly the brain-behavior relationship

A

Neuroscience

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11
Q

Organized set of ideas designed to explain development

A

Theory

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12
Q

Theories that propose that development is determined by how well people resolve conflict are different ages.

A

Psychodynamic theories

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13
Q

Theory that personality development is determined by interactions of internal maturity and external society demands.

A

Psychosocial theories

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14
Q

The idea that each psychosocial strength has their own individual importance(Epi)

A

Epigenetic principle

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15
Q

Consequences of a behavior determines whether it is repeated later on

A

Behaviorism

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16
Q

Consequence that increases chances of the behavior that it follows

A

Reinforcement

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17
Q

Consequence that decreases the chance of behavior following after

A

Punishment

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18
Q

Learning that happens by watching others’ behavior

A

imitation or observational learning

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19
Q

Peoples beliefs on their own abilities

A

Self-efficacy

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20
Q

Theory that human cognition consists of mental hardware and software

A

Information-processing theory

21
Q

Theory that human development is inseparable from environment that a human develops in

A

Ecological theory

22
Q

The people and objects in a person’s immediate environment

A

Microsystem

23
Q

Provides connections across Microsystems

A

Mesosystem

24
Q

Social setting that a person may not experience in the beginning but still influences development

A

Ecosystem

25
Q

Cultures that embeds the Microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem

A

Macro system

26
Q

Ones ability

A

Competence

27
Q

Demands put onto a person by the environment

A

Enviromental press

28
Q

View that development is multiply determined and cannot be understood within the perspective of a single framework(LSP)

A

Life-span perspective

29
Q

Model where three processes (SOC) form a system that generates and regulates aging

A

selective optimization with compensation (SOC) model

30
Q

Where various generations experience the forces of development in their historical context

A

Life-course perspective

31
Q

Watching people and recording their actions and talks

A

Systemic observation

32
Q

Technique where people are observed when behaved spontaneously in a real situation

A

Naturalistic observation

33
Q

Researchers creating a situation to spark a preferred behavior(SO)

A

Structured observation

34
Q

People’s answers to questions about the topic of interest

A

Self-reports

35
Q

Extent to where a measure provides consistent information about a characteristic

A

Reliability

36
Q

Extent to where a measure assesses what researchers think it assesses

A

Validity

37
Q

Broad groups of people that researchers study

A

Populations

38
Q

Subset of a population

A

Sample

39
Q

Investigation that looks at similarities between two variables as they exist in the world

A

Correlational study

40
Q

Expression of strength and direction between two variables

A

Correlation coefficient

41
Q

Systemic way of manipulating key factors that is believes to be the cause of a certain behavior

A

Experiment

42
Q

The factor being manipulated

A

Independent variable

43
Q

The factor being observed

A

Dependent variable

44
Q

Method that involves gaining close understanding of human behavior and what causes it

A

Qualitative research

45
Q

Method where two of the same individuals are observed/tested repeatedly at different points in time

A

Longitudinal study

46
Q

Study where developmental differences are identified by testing different aged people

A

Cross-sectional study

47
Q

Problems with cross-sectional designs where different age groups may result easily from environment rather than from development process

A

Cohort effects

48
Q

Research designs based on cross-sectional design and longitudinal design

A

Sequential design

49
Q

Cells that generate different functioned cells

A

Stem cells

Psychology 111 (12 decks)

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