Ch.12: The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths Flashcards
Characteristic of Fungi: kingdom, nutrition type, multicellurity, cellular arrangement, food acquisition method, characteristic features
Fungi chemoheterotroph all, except yeast unicellular, filamentous, fleshy absorptive sexual and asexual spores
The study of fungi
mycology
Difference between bacteria and fungi
plasma membrane: ergosterols cell wall : chitin Eukaryotic asexual/sexual spores heterotrophic, aerobic, faculatative
The _______ of a mold or fleshy fungus consist of long filaments of cells joined together; filaments are called HYPHAE
thallus
a mass of hyphae
mycelium
______ are nonfilamentous, unicellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval. frequently found as a white powdery covering on fruits and leaves. capable of facultative anaerobic growth.
yeast
________ ______ such as Saccharomyces divide unevenly.
budding yeast
_______ _______ such as Schizosaccharomyces divide evenly to produce two new cells.
Fission yeast
Some fungi most notably the pathogenic species exhibit _________- two forms of growth, they can either grow as a mold or as a yeast.
dimorphism
Dimorphism in pathogenic fungi is temperature-dependent at
37 degrees celcius (yeast)
25 degrees celcius (mold)
True or False: Although fungal spores can survive for extended periods in dry or hot environments, most do not exhibit the extreme tolerance and longevity of bacterial endospores
True
_______ ______ are formed by hyphae of one organism. Genetically identical to the parent.
Asexual Spores
_________ ______: result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus. will contain both parental strains.
sexual spores
Benefits of Fungi
decomposition nutrient cycling
yeast
antibiotics
increases surface area for nutrient absorption
Characteristic of Algae: kingdom, nutrition type, multicellurity, cellular arrangement, food acquisition method, characteristic features
domain eukarya; DIVIDED INTO SUPERGROUPS photoautotrophs both multi/uni unicellular, colonial filamentous, tissues diffusion pigments
Key characteristics of Algae
contain chlorophyll and carry out oxygenic photosynthesis
CELL WALL CELLULOSE/ SIIICA
often green, but can also be brown/red
photosynthetic
Characteristic of Protozoa: kingdom, nutrition type, multicellurity, cellular arrangement, food acquisition method, characteristic features
SUPERGROUP chemoheterotroph unicellular eukaryotic organisms absortive; ingestive motility, some form cycst
Key characteristic of Protozoa:
reproduce asexually/sexually
found in both land and water
no cellulose based cell wall
motile
Vegetative feeding form
trophozite
dormant resting state during harsh conditions
cyst
host in which parasite reproduce sexually
definitive host
host in which a parasite reproduces asexually
intermediate host
Malaria Definitive host & intermediate host
Definitive host: anopheles mosquito
intermediate host: human
Characteristics of Helminth: kingdom nutritional type multicellularity cellular arrangment food acquisition method characteristics Features
Kingdom Animalia chemoheterotroph all multicellular tissues and organs ingestive/ absortive elaborate life cylce
2 Phylums of Helminths include:
platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms)
2 Class of Platyhelminthes include:
trematodes (flukes)
Cestodes ( tapeworms)
Which systems are underdeveloped in parasitic helminths
reduced digestive system, reduced nervous system, and reduced locomotion
Which systems are well developed in parasitic helminths
complex reproduction (ensure infectivity) body covering that is resistant to host digestion
Male and female reproductive systems in one animals
monoecious (hermaphroditic)
seperate male and female
dioecious
Life cycle of parasitic helminth
egg
larvae
adult
