Ch. 9 Performance-Enhancing Substances

Question 1

ergogenic aid

Answer 1

pharmacological aids

Question 2

dietary supplements

Answer 2

highly refined products that would not be confused with a food

Question 3

catecholamines

Answer 3

like adrenaline or epinephrin, have metabolic and nervous system effects, are often used to enhance weight loss and to provide greater arousal for performance

Question 4

anabolic steroids

Answer 4

the synthetic (man-made) derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone

Question 5

“stacking” regimen

Answer 5

administering several different drugs simultaneously

Question 6

muscle dysmorphia

Answer 6

those who have an altered self-image who believed that they look small and weak even though they are large and muscular, aka reverse anorexia nervosa

Question 7

prohormones

Answer 7

testosterone precursors

Question 8

anabolic hormone

Answer 8

secreted by the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose and amino acid concentrations. Its role is to facilitate the uptake of glucose and amino acids into the cell. increases protein synthesis

Question 9

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Answer 9

a protein secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates bone and skeletal growth, also helps maintain blood glucose levels

Question 10

gigantism

Answer 10

a condition in which a person becomes abnormally tall

Question 11

megaly

Answer 11

a disfiguring disease characterized by a widening of the bones, arthritis, organ enlargement, and metabolic abnormalities

Question 12

Erythropoietin

Answer 12

a protein hormone that can be produced by recombinant DNA techniques and is reportedly being abused by athletes

Question 13

Beta-agonists

Answer 13

synthetic beta-adrenergic agonists, substances chemically related to epinephrine, a hormone produced in the adrenal medulla that regulates physiological effects

Question 14

lipolysis

Answer 14

the breakdown of fat

Question 15

thermogenesis

Answer 15

increases energy expenditure for heat production

Question 16

partitioning agents

Answer 16

compounds that have been found to have specific effects on body composition

Question 17

lipogenesis

Answer 17

fat synthesis and storage

Question 18

beta-blockers

Answer 18

a class of drugs that block the beta-adrenergic receptors, preventing the catecholamines from binding

Question 19

ergolytic effect

Answer 19

reduce performance

Question 20

Essential amino acids (EAA)

Answer 20

are not produced in the body and must be obtained through the diet

Question 21

Nadir effect

Answer 21

the theory that acute anabolic stimulus from dietary protein intake, resistance exercise during he day, or both would be matched by a negative muscle protein balance equal in magnitude during the night

Question 22

muscle buffering capacity (MBC)

Answer 22

the ability to regulate H+ concentration in skeletal muscle during high-intensity exercise

Question 23

physical working capacity at fatigue threshold

Answer 23

what it sounds like?

Question 24

creatine

Answer 24

a nitrogenous organic compound that is synthesized naturally in the body, primarily the liver

Question 25

caffeine

Answer 25

one of the most widely used drugs in the world, a central nervous system stimulant and its effects are similar to, yet weaker than, those associated with amphetamines