Ch. 9 Performance-Enhancing Substances Flashcards
ergogenic aid
pharmacological aids
dietary supplements
highly refined products that would not be confused with a food
catecholamines
like adrenaline or epinephrin, have metabolic and nervous system effects, are often used to enhance weight loss and to provide greater arousal for performance
anabolic steroids
the synthetic (man-made) derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone
“stacking” regimen
administering several different drugs simultaneously
muscle dysmorphia
those who have an altered self-image who believed that they look small and weak even though they are large and muscular, aka reverse anorexia nervosa
prohormones
testosterone precursors
anabolic hormone
secreted by the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose and amino acid concentrations. Its role is to facilitate the uptake of glucose and amino acids into the cell. increases protein synthesis
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
a protein secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates bone and skeletal growth, also helps maintain blood glucose levels
gigantism
a condition in which a person becomes abnormally tall
megaly
a disfiguring disease characterized by a widening of the bones, arthritis, organ enlargement, and metabolic abnormalities
Erythropoietin
a protein hormone that can be produced by recombinant DNA techniques and is reportedly being abused by athletes
Beta-agonists
synthetic beta-adrenergic agonists, substances chemically related to epinephrine, a hormone produced in the adrenal medulla that regulates physiological effects
lipolysis
the breakdown of fat
thermogenesis
increases energy expenditure for heat production
partitioning agents
compounds that have been found to have specific effects on body composition
lipogenesis
fat synthesis and storage
beta-blockers
a class of drugs that block the beta-adrenergic receptors, preventing the catecholamines from binding
ergolytic effect
reduce performance
Essential amino acids (EAA)
are not produced in the body and must be obtained through the diet
Nadir effect
the theory that acute anabolic stimulus from dietary protein intake, resistance exercise during he day, or both would be matched by a negative muscle protein balance equal in magnitude during the night
muscle buffering capacity (MBC)
the ability to regulate H+ concentration in skeletal muscle during high-intensity exercise
physical working capacity at fatigue threshold
what it sounds like?
creatine
a nitrogenous organic compound that is synthesized naturally in the body, primarily the liver
caffeine
one of the most widely used drugs in the world, a central nervous system stimulant and its effects are similar to, yet weaker than, those associated with amphetamines
