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CSCS > Ch. 2 Bioenergetics of Exercise and Training > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Bioenergetics of Exercise and Training Flashcards

1
Q

bioenergetics

A

the flow of energy in a biological system, concerns primarily the conversion of macronutrients(carbs, proteins, and fats which contain chemical energy) into biologically usuable forms of energy

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2
Q

energy

A

the ability or capacity to perform work

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3
Q

the three basic systems that replenish ATP

A

the phosphagen system, glycolysis, the oxidative system

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4
Q

what powers muscular activity?

A

the energy stored in the chemical bonds of adenosine triphophate

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5
Q

phosphagen stystem

A

provides ATP primarily for short-term, high-intensity activites

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6
Q

What type of fibers have higher concentrations of Creatine Phosphate?

A

Type II, fast twitch

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7
Q

catabolism

A

the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules, associated with the release of energy

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8
Q

anabolism

A

the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules, its accomplished using the energy from catabolic reactions

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9
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

energy releasing reactions

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10
Q

Endergonic reactions

A

require energy and include anabolic processes and the contraction of muscles

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11
Q

metabolism

A

the total of all the catabolic/exergonic and anabolic/endergonic reactions in a biological system

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12
Q

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

A

an intermediate molecule, allows the transfer of energy from exergonic to endergonic reactions

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13
Q

hydrolysis

A

the breakdown of one molecule of ATP to yield energy

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14
Q

ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase)

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP

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15
Q

myosin ATPase

A

the enzyme that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis for cross-bridge recycling

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16
Q

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

A

2 phosphates

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17
Q

AMP (adenosine monophoshpate)

A

1 phosphate

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18
Q

anaerobic

A

processes that dont require oxygen

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19
Q

aerobic

A

processes that depend on oxygen

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20
Q

creatine phosphate (CP)

A

also known as phosphocreatine (PCr)

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21
Q

Creatine kinase

A

the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from CP and ADP

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22
Q

the adenylate kinase (or myokinase) reaction

A

an important single-enzyme reaction that can rapidly replenish ATP

23
Q

law of mass action

A

states that the concentration of reactants or products in solution will drive the direction of the reactions

24
Q

near-equilibrium reactions

A

proceed in a direction dictated by the concentrations of the reactants due to the law of mass actions

25
Q

pyruvate

A

the end result of glycolysis, can be converted to lactate, can be shuttles into the mitochondria

26
Q

anaerobic glycolysis (fast glycolysis)

A

process where pyruvate is converted to lactate, ATP resynthesizes as a faster rate, but is limited in duration

27
Q

aerobic glycolysis (slow glycolysis)

A

when pyruvate is shuttled into the mitochondria to undergo the Krebs cycle, the ATP resythesizes slower, but can occur for a longer duration if the exercise intensity is low enough

28
Q

lactate

A

comes from pyruvate, catalyzed by the enzyme lacate dehydrogenase

29
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

the process of an exercise-induce decrease in pH

30
Q

wet muscle

A

muscle that has not been desiccated

31
Q

Cori cycle

A

the process by which lactate is transported in the blood to the liver, where it is converted to glucose

32
Q

mitochondria

A

specialized cellular organelles where the reactions of aerobic metabolism occur

33
Q

phosphorylation

A

the process of adding an inorganic phosphate to another molecule (ADP->ATP)

34
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

the resynthesis of ATP in the electron transport chain

35
Q

substrate level phosphorylation

A

describes the direct resynthesis of ATP from ADP during a single reaction in the metabolic pathways

36
Q

Allosteric inhibition

A

occurs when an end product binds to the regulatory enzyme and decreases its turnover rate and slows product formation

37
Q

allosteric activation

A

occurs when an “activator” binds with the enzyme and increases its turnover rate

38
Q

lactate threshold (LT)

A

the exercise intensity or relative intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt increase above the baseline concentration

39
Q

onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)

A

the second increase in the rate of lactate accumulation has been noted at higher relative intensities of exercise

40
Q

oxidative system

A

the primary source of ATP at rest and during low-intesnity activities, uses primarily carbs and fats as substrates

41
Q

Krebs cycle

A

a series of reactions that continues the oxidation of the substrate begun in glycolysis and produces two ATP indireclty from guanine triphospahte via substrate-level phosphorylation for each molecule of glucose

42
Q

electron transport chain (ETC)

A

uses NADH and FADH2 molecules to rephopsorylate ADP to ATP

43
Q

beta oxidation

A

a series of reactions in which the free fatty acids are broken down, resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA and hydrogen protons

44
Q

branched-chain amino acids

A

(leucine, isoleucine, and valine) they are the major amino acids that are oxidized in skeletal muscle

45
Q

exercise intensity

A

defined as a level of muscular activity that can be quantified in terms of power output

46
Q

power

A

work performed per unit of time

47
Q

energy substrates

A

molecules that provide starting materials for bioenergetic reactions, including phosphagens, glucose, glycogen, lactate, free fatty acids, and amino acids

48
Q

phosphagens

A

ATP and creatine phosphate

49
Q

glycogenolysis

A

the breakdown of glycogen

50
Q

oxygen uptake

A

a measure of a person’s ability to take in and use oxygen

51
Q

oxygen deficit

A

the anaerobic contribution to the total energy cost of exercise

52
Q

oxygen debt (or excess postexercise oxygen consumption EPOC)

A

postexercise oxygen uptake

53
Q

interval training

A

a method that emphasizes bioenergetic adaptions for a more efficient energy transfer within the metabolic pathways by using predetermined intervals of exercise and rest periods

54
Q

combination training

A

cross-training, when aerobic endurance training is added to anaerobic training to enhance recovery because recovery relies primarily on aerobic mechanisms

CSCS (22 decks)

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