Ch. 9 - Lifespan Development

Question 1

lifespan development

Answer 1

physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development

Question 2

continuous view of devlopment

Answer 2

views development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills

Question 3

discontinuous view of development

Answer 3

views development as occurring in unique stages (specific times or ages)

Question 4

nature vs. nurture debate

Answer 4

considers how our personalities and traits are the result of our genetic and biological factors and how they are shaped by our environment

Question 5

nature

Answer 5

biology and genetics

Question 6

nurture

Answer 6

environment and culture

Question 7

Psychosocial Theory (Erikson)

Answer 7

-Social nature of development
-Argues that personality development takes place across the lifespan, not just in childhood

Question 8

stages of development

Answer 8

psychosocial tasks that we must master in order to feel a sense of competence

Question 9

trust vs. mistrust

Answer 9

(0-1 years) Trust (or mistrust) that basic needs, such as nourishment and affection, will be met

Question 10

autonomy vs shame/doubt

Answer 10

(1 -3 years) Develop a sense of independence in many tasks

Question 11

initiative vs guilt

Answer 11

(3-6 years) Take initiative on some activities - may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries overstepped

Question 12

industry vs inferiority

Answer 12

(7-11 years) develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not

Question 13

Cognitive Theory by Piaget

Answer 13

focused on childrens cognitive growth and theorized that cognitive abilities develop through specific stages

Question 14

sensorimotor

Answer 14

world experienced through senses and actions (0-2 years)

Question 15

preoperational

Answer 15

use words and images to represent things but lack logical reasoning (2-6 years)

Question 16

concrete operational

Answer 16

understand concrete events and analogies logically; perform arithmetical operations (7-11 years)

Question 17

formal operational

Answer 17

formal operations, utilize abstract reasoning (12+)

Question 18

schemata

Answer 18

concepts used to categorize and interpret information

Question 19

assimilation

Answer 19

incorporates information into exisitng schemata

Question 20

accommodation

Answer 20

change schemata based on new information

Question 21

object permeance

Answer 21

understanding that even if something’s out of sight, it still exists

Question 22

Mary Ainsworth’s attatchement styles

Answer 22

secure, avoidant, resistent, disorganized

Question 23

secure

Answer 23

child uses the parent as a secure base from which to explore (distressed when mother left, happy when they return)

Question 24

avoidant

Answer 24

unresponsive to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves (slow to show positive reaction when mom return)

Question 25

resistant

Answer 25

show clingy behavior, but then reject mothers attempts to interact with them (child did not explore toys, became distruved and angry, difficult to comfort when mother returns)

Question 26

disorganized

Answer 26

show odd behavior around caregiver (behaved oddly when mother left, tried to run away when mother returned)

Question 27

Marshmallow Test

Answer 27

measures a child’s ability to delay gratification