Ch. 5 - Sensation and Perception

Question 1

the leaning tower illusion

Answer 1

perspective and prior knowledge

Question 2

the dragon illusion

Answer 2

brain sees faces as convex but the face is concave (assumes that anything resembling a face is popping out)

Question 3

Shepard’s monster illusion

Answer 3

the monsters are the same size but our brain willl adjust it to fix it the make it fit the perspective of the background image

Question 4

Checker shadow Illusion

Answer 4

colors are the same but the shadow makes ur brain think that one color should be lighter

Question 5

sensation

Answer 5

occurs when sensory receptors detect sensory stimuli
vision, hearing, smell, touch, taste, balance, body position, movement, pain, temperature

Question 6

perception

Answer 6

way that sensory information is interpreted, organized, and consciously experienced

Question 7

bottom-up processing

Answer 7

we sense basic feasutres of stimuli and then integrate them

Question 8

top-down processing

Answer 8

previous experience and expectations are first used to recognize stimuli

Question 9

attention

Answer 9

failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention

Question 10

sensory adaption

Answer 10

not perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constent over time (ex: clocking ticking)

Question 11

motivation

Answer 11

can hear something like a phone rining when it is not because we are motivated to perceive it

Question 12

distal stimuli

Answer 12

the actual object in the environment that stimulates or acts on a sense organ (seeing the object)

Question 13

proximal stimuli

Answer 13

the pattern of energy impinging on the observers sensory receptros (retinal image of the object in 2D and upside down)

Question 14

percepts

Answer 14

impression of an objcet obtained by use of the senses (recognizing object as you first saw it (3D))

Question 15

apperceptive agnoisa

Answer 15

individuals who cannot properly process what they see (difficulty in identifying shapes or differentiating between different objects)

Question 16

prospagnoisa

Answer 16

inability to recognize familiar faces; can idenitfy facial parts, gender, expression

Question 17

cones and rods

Answer 17

cones - phototopic (daytime) vision (located in fovea, high-acuity color information)
rods - scotopic (nighttime vision) (located in the periphery of the retina, high-sensitivity, low-acuity vision)

Question 18

trichromatic theory of color

Answer 18

all colors can be produced by conbining red, green, and blue (retina)

Question 19

opponent-process theory

Answer 19

color is coded in opponent pairs (black-white, yellow-blue, green-red)

Question 20

binocular disparity

Answer 20

slightly different view of the world that each eye receives

Question 21

Gestalt Perception

Answer 21

field of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts (figure-ground, proximity, similarity, continuity, closure)

Question 22

stroop effect

Answer 22

we percieve words faster than color