Ch. 11 - Personality

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways

Question 2

personality theory (Freud)

Answer 2

unconscious drives influenced by sex, aggression, and childhood sexuality influence personality

Question 3

id

Answer 3

contains primitive urges, impulsive, instinctual, seeks immediate gratification

Question 4

ego

Answer 4

attempts to balance the id with the superego, rational, helps the id satisfy desire in a realistic way

Question 5

superego

Answer 5

develops through interactions with others, the moral compass that tells us how we should behave based on rules.

Question 6

denial

Answer 6

refusing to accept real events because they are unpleasant

Question 7

displacement

Answer 7

transferring inappropriate urges or behaviors onto a more acceptable or less threatening target

Question 8

projection

Answer 8

attributing unacceptable desires to others

Question 9

rationalization

Answer 9

justifying behaviors by substituting acceptable reasons for a less-acceptable real reason

Question 10

reaction formation

Answer 10

reducing anxiety by adopting beliefs contrary to your own beliefs

Question 11

regression

Answer 11

returning to coping strategies for less mature stages of development

Question 12

repression

Answer 12

suppressing painful memories and thoughts

Question 13

sublimation

Answer 13

redirecting unacceptable desires through socially acceptable channels

Question 14

Oedipus complex

Answer 14

desire for mother’s attention, urge to replace father

Question 15

Electra complex

Answer 15

desire for father’s attention, urge to replace mother

Question 16

collective unconscious

Answer 16

universal version of personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or memory traces

Question 17

extraversion

Answer 17

energized by being around others, thinking out loud, jumping topics, act first think later

Question 18

introversion

Answer 18

energized by being alone, thinks before speaking, stay on topic, cautious

Question 19

self-efficacy

Answer 19

level of confidence in our own abilities developed through social experiences

Question 20

self-concept

Answer 20

thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Question 21

ideal self

Answer 21

the person you would like to be

Question 22

real self

Answer 22

the person you actually are

Question 23

ideal and real self congruence

Answer 23

high congruence => greater sense of self-worth and a healthy, productive life
incongruence => maladjustment

Question 24

cardinal traits

Answer 24

dominates entire personality (rare)

Question 25

central traits

Answer 25

make up our personality

Question 26

secondary traits

Answer 26

less obvious or consistent, present under circumstances

Question 27

Five-Factor Model

Answer 27

openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeable, neuroticism (OCEAN)