Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Psych > Ch. 8 - Memory > Flashcards

Ch. 8 - Memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

encoding

A

the input of information into the memory system (labels/codes it, organizes it with other similar information, connects new concepts to exisiting concepts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

automatic processing

A

encoding of details like time, soace, frequency, and the meaning of words (remembering WHEN you last studied)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

effortful processing

A

encoding of details that takes time and effort (WHAT u last studied)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of enconding

A

semantic, visual, acoustic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

semantic encoding

A

encoding of words and their meanings (attatching meaning to information amkes it easier to recall later)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

visual encoding

A

encoding of images (concrete (car, dog, book) and abstract (level, truth, value))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acoustic encoding

A

encoding of sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

storage

A

the creation of permanent record of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sensory memory

A

storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes (stored for a few seconds, if info is not important, it is discarded)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

short-term memory

A

a temporary stroage system that processes incoming sensory memory (lasts about 20 seconds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

memory consolidation

A

transfer of short-term memory to long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

rehearsal

A

the conscious repetition of information to be remebered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

long-term memory

A

the continous storage of information, has no limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explicit (declarative) memory

A

memories of facts and events we can consciously remeber and recall/declare (semantic, episodic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

semantic explicit memories

A

knowledge about words, concepts, and language (knowing the president)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

episodic explicit memories

A

information about events we have personally expeirenced (remembering 5th birthday party)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

implicit memory

A

memories that are not part of our consciousness (formed through behaviors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

procedural

A

stores information about how to do things (how to ride a bike, tie your shoes, drive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

retrieval

A

the act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness (knwoing how to drive, performing job responsibilities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

recall

A

being able to access information without cues (used for an essay test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

recognition

A

being able to identify infromation that you have previously learned after encountering it again (used for a multiple choice test)

22
Q

relearning

A

learning information that you previously learned (relearning spanish after forgetting it may not take long)

23
Q

parts of the brain involved in memory

A

amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, prefrontal cortex

24
Q

amygdala

A

-involved in fear and fear memories (memory storage is influenced by stress hormones)
-processes emotional information important in encoding memories at a deeper level and memory consolidation

25
Q

hippocampus

A

-associated with explicit memory, recognition memory, and spatial memory
-projects information to cortical regions that give memories meaning and connect them with other memories
-involved in memory consolidation

26
Q

cerebellum

A

-plays a role in processing procedrual memories, such as how to play the piano and classical conditioning
- damage prevents classical conditioning such as an eye-blink in response to a puff of air

27
Q

prefrontal cortex

A
  • involved in remembering semantic tasks
  • PET scan shows activation i the left inferior prefrontal coretex when completing tasks
  • encoding associated with left frontal activity
  • retrieval of info associated with right frontal region
28
Q

flashbulb memory

A

a record of an atypical and unusal event that has very strong emotional associations (depends on cultural reference and personal investment)

29
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

loss of memory (partical or complete) for events that occured prior to the trauma

30
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to remember new information after point of trauma (caused by brain trama, hippocampus)

31
Q

infantile amnesia

A

inability to recollect early episodic memories

32
Q

self-referencing effect

A

people’s tendency to better remember info when that info has been linked to the self than when it has not been linked to the self

33
Q

Schacter’s 7 sins of memory

A

transience, absentmindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence

34
Q

transience

A

accessibility of memory decreeases over time (memory chanes slightly every time its remembered)

35
Q

absentmindedness

A

forgetting caused by lapses in attention (misplaces your keys)

36
Q

blocking

A

accessibility of information is temporarily blocked (tip-of-the-tongue)

37
Q

misattribution

A

source of memory is confused (telling someone about something when they informed you in the first place)

38
Q

suggestibility

A

false memories (memory changes due to leading question)

39
Q

bias

A

memories distorted by current belief system (when personal feelings about a situation change the memory)

40
Q

persistence

A

inability to forget undesirable memories (remembering embarassing or hurtful moments)

41
Q

Loftus Study results

A

when asked leading questioned about an event, the memory of the event may be altered

42
Q

Ebbinghaus’s study results

A

studied the process of memorization
shows how quickly memory for new information decays (50% after 20 mins, 70% after 24 hours)

43
Q

stereotypical bias

A

involves racial and gender biases

44
Q

egocentric bias

A

involves enchacing our memories of the past

45
Q

hindsight bias

A

the tendency to think an outcome was inevitable after the fact

46
Q

proactive interference

A

old information hinders recall of new information (learn locker combo —> memory of old locker interfers with new locker combo)

47
Q

retroactive interference

A

new information hinders recall of old information (learn new email –> interfers with recall of old email)

48
Q

chunking

A

organizing information into manageable bits or chunks

49
Q

elaborative reheral

A

technique in which you think about the meaning of new information and its relation to knwledge already stored in your memory

50
Q

mnemonic devices

A

memory aids that help us organize information for encoding (e.g., ROY G BIV)

Intro to Psych (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions