Ch. 3 - Biopsychology

Question 1

genotype

Answer 1

the genetic makeup of an individual based on the genetic material (DNA) inherited from one’s parents

Question 2

phenotype

Answer 2

an individual’s observable characteristis, such as hair color, skin color, height, and build

Question 3

range of reaction

Answer 3

asserts our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall

Question 4

genetic-environment correlation

Answer 4

view of gene-environmental interactions that asserts our genes affect our environment, and our environment influences the expressions of our genes

Question 5

epigenetics

Answer 5

study of gene-environment interations such as how the same genotype leads to different phenotypes

Question 6

two types of cells of the nervous system

Answer 6

glial (glia) and neurons

Question 7

soma

Answer 7

cell body

Question 8

axon

Answer 8

carries never impulses away from the cell body

Question 9

dendrite

Answer 9

wherea neuron receives input from the other cells

Question 10

axon terminal

Answer 10

end of axon responsible for providing synapse neurons

Question 11

myelin

Answer 11

layer of fat that helps impluses to travel quick and efficiently

Question 12

synapse

Answer 12

the space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron

Question 13

action potential

Answer 13

the propagation of signals along the neuron’s axon toward synaptic boutons situated at the ends of an axon

Question 14

dopamine

Answer 14

mood, sleep, learning; increased pleasure, suppressed appetite

Question 15

serotonin

Answer 15

mood, sleep; modulated mood, suppressed appetite

Question 16

parts of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 16

1. somatic nervous system
2. autonomic nervous system

Question 17

somatic nervous system

Answer 17

relays sensory and motor information to and the CNS

Question 18

autonomic nervous system

Answer 18

controls our internal organs and gland and be divide into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 19

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

involved in stress-related activities and functions; prepares us for fight or flight

Question 20

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

associated with routine, day-to-day operations of the body under relaxed conditions; rest-and-restore response

Question 21

lateralization

Answer 21

concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions

Question 22

split-brain patients

Answer 22

unable to name picture shown in left field because information is in right-hemisphere
able to draw the picture with their left hand, which is controlled by right hemisphere

Question 23

frontal lobe

Answer 23

involved in executive functioning (planning, organization, judgement, attention, reasoning), motor control, emotion, and language

Question 24

the motor cortex

Answer 24

strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement

Question 25

prefrontal cortex

Answer 25

responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning

Question 26

Broca’s area

Answer 26

region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language

Question 27

temporal lobe

Answer 27

associated with heariwng, memory, emotuin, and some aspects of language (located on the side of the head)

Question 28

the auditory cortex

Answer 28

strip of cortex in the temporal lobe that is responsible for processing auditory information

Question 29

Wernicke’s area

Answer 29

important for speech comprehension

Question 30

parietal lobe

Answer 30

involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information

Question 31

somatosensory cortex

Answer 31

essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain

Question 32

occupital lobe

Answer 32

associated with visual processing; contains the primary visueal cortex which is responsible for interpreting incomingvisual information

Question 33

Case of H.M.

Answer 33

numerous seizures leads to brain surgery and the removal of his hippocampus and amygdala
-unable to form new memories
-cant learn facts, able to learn new skills but cant remember, cant remember new faces or events