Ch. 3 - Biopsychology Flashcards
genotype
the genetic makeup of an individual based on the genetic material (DNA) inherited from one’s parents
phenotype
an individual’s observable characteristis, such as hair color, skin color, height, and build
range of reaction
asserts our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall
genetic-environment correlation
view of gene-environmental interactions that asserts our genes affect our environment, and our environment influences the expressions of our genes
epigenetics
study of gene-environment interations such as how the same genotype leads to different phenotypes
two types of cells of the nervous system
glial (glia) and neurons
soma
cell body
axon
carries never impulses away from the cell body
dendrite
wherea neuron receives input from the other cells
axon terminal
end of axon responsible for providing synapse neurons
myelin
layer of fat that helps impluses to travel quick and efficiently
synapse
the space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron
action potential
the propagation of signals along the neuron’s axon toward synaptic boutons situated at the ends of an axon
dopamine
mood, sleep, learning; increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
serotonin
mood, sleep; modulated mood, suppressed appetite
parts of the peripheral nervous system
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
relays sensory and motor information to and the CNS
autonomic nervous system
controls our internal organs and gland and be divide into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
involved in stress-related activities and functions; prepares us for fight or flight
parasympathetic nervous system
associated with routine, day-to-day operations of the body under relaxed conditions; rest-and-restore response
lateralization
concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions
split-brain patients
unable to name picture shown in left field because information is in right-hemisphere
able to draw the picture with their left hand, which is controlled by right hemisphere
frontal lobe
involved in executive functioning (planning, organization, judgement, attention, reasoning), motor control, emotion, and language
the motor cortex
strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement
prefrontal cortex
responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning
Broca’s area
region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language
temporal lobe
associated with heariwng, memory, emotuin, and some aspects of language (located on the side of the head)
the auditory cortex
strip of cortex in the temporal lobe that is responsible for processing auditory information
Wernicke’s area
important for speech comprehension
parietal lobe
involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information
somatosensory cortex
essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain
occupital lobe
associated with visual processing; contains the primary visueal cortex which is responsible for interpreting incomingvisual information
Case of H.M.
numerous seizures leads to brain surgery and the removal of his hippocampus and amygdala
-unable to form new memories
-cant learn facts, able to learn new skills but cant remember, cant remember new faces or events
