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BIOL 1190 > Ch. 9 - Joints > Flashcards

Ch. 9 - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 structural classifications of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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2
Q

What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

A

synarthrosis (immoveable), amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable), diarthrosis

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3
Q

What are 3 structural types of fibrous joints?

A

sutures, syndesmoses, interosseous membranes

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4
Q

What are 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondroses, symphyses

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5
Q

What are some features of synovial joints?

A
  • synovial cavity that separates bones
  • diarthrosis; considerable movement
  • articulating surfaces of bones covered by articular (hyaline) C
  • does not bind bones together
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6
Q

What are the components of synovial joints?

A

articular capsules with fibrous membrane and synovial membrane layers

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7
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

contains interstitial fluid contents and hyaluronic acid

  • supplies Ccytes of articular C with O2 and nutrients via diffusion; lubricates joint to reduce friction; contains phagocytes to remove debris and microbes
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8
Q

What are accessory ligaments?

A

not part of synovial cavity; surrounding

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9
Q

What are articular discs? (menisci)

A

pads of fibroC that allow 2 bones of different shapes to fit tightly

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10
Q

What are bursae?

A

fluid filled sacs found outside synovial joints that reduce friction in some joints

*between skin, tendons, muscles, ligaments, bones

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11
Q

What are the 5 categories of movement?

A

gliding, angular, rotation, special movements of mandible, special movements of hands/feet

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12
Q

What are the 6 types of angular movements?

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

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13
Q

What are the 4 special movements of the mandible?

A

elevation, depression, protraction, retraction

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14
Q

What are the 5 special movements of hands/feet?

A

supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition

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15
Q

What are the 5 special movements of hands/feet?

A

supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition

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16
Q

What other body parts have similar movements of the mandible?

A

shoulder, hyoid, ribs

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17
Q

What is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

A

D - standing on heel, toes point up

P - standing on tip toes

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18
Q

What is opposition?

A

movement of thumb to touch fingertips on same hand

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19
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A

planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket

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20
Q

What are planar joints?

A

biaxial or triaxial; allows gliding movement; no change in angles

e.g. intercarpal and intertarsal joints

21
Q

What are hinge joints?

A

monoaxial; produces flexion and extension

e.g. knee, elbow, knuckles

22
Q

What are pivot joints?

A

monoaxial; allows rotation around longitudinal axis

e.g. atlanto-axial joint

23
Q

What are condyloid joints?

A

biaxial; allow flexion/extension or abduction/adduction –> circumduction

e.g. b/t radius and carpals

24
Q

What are saddle joints?

A

biaxial; circumduction

e.g. carpometacarpal joint of hand

25
Q

What are ball-and-socket joints?

A

triaxial; circumduction, rotation

e.g. shoulder, hip

26
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint formed by?

A

condylar process of mandible, mandibular fossa, articular tubercle of temporal bone

27
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball-and-socket; involves glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus

28
Q

What is the elbow joint?

A

hinge joint; formed by humerus, radius, ulna

29
Q

What is the coxal joint?

A

ball-and-socket; involves head of femur and acetebulum of hip bone

30
Q

What is the tibiofemural joint?

A

largest and most complex joint in body; modified hinge joint; between femur, tibia, patella

31
Q

What movements does the TMJ produce?

A

depression and elevation (hinge): protraction and retraction (planar)

32
Q

What movements does the shoulder joint produce?

A

circumduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction of arm

33
Q

What movements does the elbow joint produce?

A

flexion and extension of forearm

34
Q

What movements does the hip joint produce?

A

circumduction, medial and lateral rotation of thigh

35
Q

What are the 3 joints of the modified hinge in the knee joint?

A

LATERAL - hinge bt tibia and femur (lat condyle of femur and tibia, lateral meniscus)

MEDIAL - hinge bt tibia and femur (med condyle of femur and tibia, med miniscus)

PLANAR - gliding bt patella and femur

36
Q

What movements does the knee joint produce?

A

flexion, extension, slight medial rotation, lateral rotation in flexed position

37
Q

How do fibrous joints hold bones together?

A

dense CT; synarthroses or amphiarthroses

38
Q

What are sutures?

A

thin layer of dense irregular tissue that unite bones of skull

39
Q

What are syndesmoses?

A

S - more CT + distance bt articulating surfaces than suture; united by ligament (amphiarthrosis)

40
Q

What are gomphosis? What kind of fibrous joint is it?

A

dentoalveolar joints bt teeth and sockets; syndesmosis (synarthrosis so adult teeth do not move!)

41
Q

What is an interosseous membrane?

A

sheet of dense irregular CT binding neighbouring long bones (amphiarthrosis)

42
Q

How do cartilaginous joints hold bones together?

A

tightly connected by fibroC or hyaline C; syn or amphi

43
Q

How do synchondroses differ from symphyses?

A

synC - hyaline; synarthrosis

symP - fibrocartilage; amphiarthrosis

44
Q

How do the fibrous and synovial membranes of the articular capsules differ?

A

F - dense irregular CT; attached to periosteum; joints with ligaments

S - inner lining of capsule; areolar CT with elastic fibres; secretes synovial fluid

45
Q

What are bursae composed of?

A

outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane

46
Q

What are tendon sheaths?

A

tube-like bursae that wrap around certain tendons that experience friction; often found where a tendon passes through tunnels of CT and bone (e.g. wrist; carpal tunnel)

47
Q

Along what planes do angular movements occur at?

A

sagittal - flexion, extension, hyperE

frontal - abduction, adduction

48
Q

How does circumduction differ from rotation?

A

C - movement of distal end of body part in circle (combo of flex, ext, abd, add)

R - when bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

BIOL 1190 (18 decks)

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