Ch. 8 - The Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

What does the clavicle articulate with?

Answer 1

• medially to sternum (sternoclavicular joint)

- laterally to scapula (acromioclavicular joint)

Question 2

What are some distinct markings on the scapula?

Answer 2

• acromion process
• glenoid cavity (accepts head of humerus to form shoulder)
• coracoid process (major site of muscle tendon attachment)

Question 3

What are the 5 joints of the upper limb?

Answer 3

glenohumeral, elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal

Question 4

How does the humerus attach to the radius and ulna?

Answer 4

elbow joint

• capitulum of H articulates with head of radius
• trochlea of H articulates with ulna

Question 5

What causes the tingling sensation when hitting your funny bone?

Answer 5

the ulnar nerve above the posterior surface of medial epicondyle

Question 6

How does the ulna attach to the radius?

Answer 6

proximal radioulnar joint

- radial head of R articulates with radial notch of U

Question 7

How does the radius attach to the biceps brachii?

Answer 7

radial tuberosity

Question 8

How does the radius attach to the carpals?

Answer 8

distal radioulnar joint; radius forms wrist joint with carpals

Question 9

What are the 8 carpal bones?

Answer 9

proximal (L to M) scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

distal (L to M) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 10

What does each metacarpal have?

Answer 10

base, shaft, head

Question 11

What is another name for knuckles?

Answer 11

metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 12

What does each phalanx have?

Answer 12

base, shaft, head

Question 13

What does each finger have?

Answer 13

proximal, middle, distal phalanx (except thumb has no middle!)

Question 14

What are the joints between phalanges called?

Answer 14

interphalangeal joints

Question 15

What does the bony pelvis consist of?

Answer 15

2 hip bones, sacrum pubic symphysis

Question 16

What is the pelvic girdle?

Answer 16

two hip (coxal, pelvic) bones

Question 17

What does each hip bone consist of?

Answer 17

ilium, ishium, pubis

Question 18

How do the hip bones attach to the sacrum?

Answer 18

posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint

Question 19

What is the ilium and what are some of its distinct markings?

Answer 19

superior portion of hipbone

iliac crest, iliac fossa, gluteal lines for muscle attachment

Question 20

What is the ishium?

Answer 20

inferior and posterior portion of hipbone

Question 21

What is the pubis?

Answer 21

inferior and anterior part of hipbone

Question 22

What is the obturator foramen?

Answer 22

formed by ishial ramus and pubis

Question 23

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 23

accepts head of femur; acetabulum + femur head = hip joint

Question 24

How do the false pelvis and true pelvis differ?

Answer 24

F - portion superior to pelvic brim, contains lower abdomen

T - portion inferior to pelvic brim, contains pelvic cavity

Question 25

How do male and female pelves differ?

Answer 25

M - larger articular surfaces, larger sites for muscle attachment
F - wider, larger pelvic inlet/outlet, pubic arch > 90 degrees, more space in true pelvis

Question 26

What are the 6 joints of the lower limb?

Answer 26

coxal, tibiofemoral, tibiofibular, talocrural, metatarsophalangeal, interphalangeal

Question 27

What are some features of the femur?

Answer 27

• longest and strongest bone in body

- greater and lesser tronchanter: sites of muscle attachmet

Question 28

What does the femur articulate with and how?

Answer 28

• proximal end articulates with acetabulum of pelvis

- distal ends articulates with tibia and patella

Question 29

What are some features of the patella?

Answer 29

• sesamoid bone anterior to knee joint

- formed w/i tendon of quadriceps femoris

Question 30

What are some features of the tibia?

Answer 30

• weight-bearing bone

- form lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints

Question 31

What does the tibia articulate with and how?

Answer 31

• lateral and medial condyles articulate with femur
• inferior surface of lateral C articulates with fibula head
• fiibular notch articulates with fibula
• medial malleolus articulates with talus in ankle

Question 32

What comprises of the knee joint?

Answer 32

femur and tibia

Question 33

What does the fibula articulate with and how?

Answer 33

• lateral malleolus articulates with talus

- 3 articulations with tibia

Question 34

What are the 3 articulations of the fibula with the tibia?

Answer 34

proximal tibiofibular joint, distal tibiofibular joint, interosseous membrane

Question 35

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

Answer 35

talus (ankle), calcaneus *heel), cuboid, navicular, cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)