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Medical Terminology > ch 9 - digestive system > Flashcards

ch 9 - digestive system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A

A

without

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2
Q

Anti

A

against

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3
Q

De-

A

lack of, down, less, removal of

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4
Q

Di

A

2 (two)

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5
Q

Dia

A

through

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6
Q

Dys

A

difficult, painful

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7
Q

En

A

in

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8
Q

Mes/o

A

middle

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9
Q

Meta

A

change, beyond

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10
Q

Pan

A

all

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11
Q

Abdomin/o

A

abdominal

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12
Q

Adip/o

A

fat

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13
Q

Aliment/o

A

nourishment

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14
Q

An/o

A

anus

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15
Q

Append/o

A

appendix

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16
Q

Bol/o

A

cast, throw (metabolism)

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17
Q

Bucc/o

A

cheek

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18
Q

Carb/o

A

carbon (carbohydrate, sugar)

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19
Q

Cecum/o

A

first part of the large intestine

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20
Q

Chol/e

A

bile or gall

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21
Q

Cirrh/o

A

orange, yellwo

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22
Q

Col/o

A

large intestine

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23
Q

Creas (kreas)

A

flesh, pancreas

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24
Q

Cyte

A

cell

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25
Q

Cyst/o

A

bladder

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26
Q

Decidu/a

A

falling off

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27
Q

Dent/o

A

teeth

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28
Q

Duoden/o

A

duodenum, distance of 12 fingers

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29
Q

Enter/o

A

small intestine

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30
Q

Esophago

A

esophagus

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31
Q

Feces

A

(pl) of faex, dregs (worthless portion)

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32
Q

Flatus

A

a blowing

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33
Q

Gastr/o

A

stomach

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34
Q

Gingiva

A

gums

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35
Q

Gloss/o

A

tongue

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36
Q

Hepat/o

A

liver

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37
Q

Hemat/o

A

blood

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38
Q

Herni/o

A

protrude, rupture

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39
Q

Hydr/o

A

hydrogen, water

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40
Q

Ile/o

A

last part of the small intestine

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41
Q

Lact/o

A

milk sugar

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42
Q

Lapar/o

A

loin, flank

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43
Q

Lingu/o

A

tongue

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44
Q

Lip/o

A

fat

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45
Q

Lith/o

A

stone

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46
Q

Malt/o

A

malt sugar

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47
Q

Muc/o

A

mucus

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48
Q

Nas/o

A

nose

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49
Q

Naus/ea

A

seasickness, ship

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50
Q

Or/o

A

mouth

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51
Q

Os/o

A

mouth

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52
Q

Peritone/o

A

to stretch over

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53
Q

Phag/o

A

swallow

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54
Q

Prote/o

A

protein

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55
Q

Ulcer/o

A

a sore

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56
Q

Rect/o

A

rectum

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57
Q

Sacchar/o

A

sugar

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58
Q

Sigmos

A

the letter S

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59
Q

Zyme

A

leaven (a pervasive influence)

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60
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

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61
Q

-dynia

A

painful

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62
Q

-emesis

A

vomit

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63
Q

-ia

A

condition

64
Q

-ism

A

process, condition

65
Q

-oid

A

resembles

66
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

67
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

68
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

69
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

70
Q

LES

A

lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

71
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

72
Q

TMJ

A

temporomandibular joint

73
Q

Abdominal

A

pertaining to the abdomen

74
Q

Abdominoplasty

A

surgical repair of the abdomen

75
Q

Alimentary

A

relating to nourishment or sustenance

76
Q

Alimentary tube

A

the tubular passage typically extending from the mouth to the anus

77
Q

Amylase

A

any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch

78
Q

Anoplasty

A

surgical repair of the anus

79
Q

Antiemetic

A

medication that prevents vomiting

80
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

81
Q

Buccal

A

of, relating to, involving, or lying in the mouth

82
Q

Carbohydrate

A

sugars, starches, and celluloses

83
Q

Cecum

A

the beginning of the large intestine

84
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

85
Q

Cholecystogram

A

a recording of the gallbladder

86
Q

Cholecystography

A

recording a picture or record of the gallbladder

87
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

production of gallstones

88
Q

Cirrhosis

A

chronic disease of the liver characterized by the destruction of liver cells

89
Q

Colectomy

A

surgical removal of some of the large intestine

90
Q

Colonoscopy

A

endoscopic visualization and examination of the large intestine from the anus to the ileocecum junction

91
Q

Colorectal

A

relating to or affecting the large intestine and rectum

92
Q

Deciduous

A

baby teeth

93
Q

Defecation

A

the discharge of solid waste from the anus

94
Q

Diarrhea

A

frequent passing of liquid stools

95
Q

Dietician

A

an expert on diet and nutrition

96
Q

Disaccharide

A

sugar made of 2 simple sugars

97
Q

Duodenum

A

the first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum

98
Q

Dyspepsia

A

painful or abnormal digestion

99
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

100
Q

Emesis

A

vomiting

101
Q

Enteric

A

of, relating to, or affecting the intestines

102
Q

Enterocolitis

A

inflammation of the large and small intestine

103
Q

Enzymes

A

chemical compounds that speed up a chemical reaction. these words will end in -ase

104
Q

Esophageal

A

(adj) form of esophagus

105
Q

Esophagoscopy

A

endoscopic visualization and examination of the esophagus

106
Q

Fecal

A

(adj) form of feces

107
Q

Feces

A

stool; excrement; body waste from the large intestine

108
Q

Flatulence

A

the release of intestinal gases

109
Q

Flatus

A

gas in the digestive tract

110
Q

Gallbladder

A

the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine

111
Q

Gastrectomy

A

surgical removal of all or a portion of the stomach; also known as gastric resection

112
Q

Gastric ulcer

A

a peptic ulcer situated in the stomach

113
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

114
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

a doctor who has studied the gi system

115
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract

A

the part of the digestive system that consists of the stomach and intestines

116
Q

Gingiva

A

oral gums

117
Q

Gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

118
Q

Glossal

A

pertaining to the tongue

119
Q

Hepatitis

A

a disease or condition marked by inflammation of the liver

120
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

121
Q

Herniation

A

the act of abnormally protruding

122
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

a valve that is situated between the distal end of the small intestine and the proximal end of the large intestine

123
Q

Ileum

A

the distal section of the small intestine

124
Q

Intestine

A

the portion of the alimentary tube after the stomach

125
Q

Lactase

A

the enzyme used to break down milk sugar

126
Q

Laparoscopy

A

endoscopic visualization and examination of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

127
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

the distal end of the pharynx

128
Q

Lingual

A

pertaining to the tongue

129
Q

Lipase

A

an enzyme used to break down fats

130
Q

Maltase

A

enzyme that breaks down malt sugar

131
Q

Mastication

A

the act of chewing

132
Q

Mesentery

A

a membrane that attaches the intestines to the posterior portion of the abdominal cavity

133
Q

Metabolism

A

the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated

134
Q

Mucosa

A

mucous membrane

135
Q

Mucous

A

(adj) form of mucus

136
Q

Mucus

A

a slimy substance, typically not miscible with water, secreted by mucuous membranes

137
Q

Nasogastric

A

pertaining to the nose and stomach

138
Q

Nasopharynx

A

the proximal end of the pharynx

139
Q

Nausea

A

unpleasant sensation usually preceding vomiting

140
Q

Oropharynx

A

the middle portion of the pharynx

141
Q

Pancreas

A

a large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon

142
Q

Pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

143
Q

Parietal

A

of or relating to the walls of a part or cavity

144
Q

Parotid

A

salivary gland

145
Q

Periodontitis

A

inflammation of the supporting membranes around the teeth

146
Q

Peristalsis

A

successive waves of involuntary contraction

147
Q

Peritoneum

A

the smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen

148
Q

Peritonitis

A

inflammation of the smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen

149
Q

Pharynx

A

the muscular tubular passage of the vertebrate digestive and respiratory tracts extending from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus

150
Q

Salivary

A

relating to the saliva glands

151
Q

Sigmoid

A

the “s” shaped portion of the colon

152
Q

Sphincter

A

smooth muscular ring that closes a passageway

153
Q

Sublingual gland

A

salivary gland under the tongue

154
Q

Submandibular gland

A

salivary gland below the mandible

155
Q

Sucrase

A

an enzyme that breaks down sucrose

156
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A

the jaw joint

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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