ch 9 - digestive system Flashcards
A
without
Anti
against
De-
lack of, down, less, removal of
Di
2 (two)
Dia
through
Dys
difficult, painful
En
in
Mes/o
middle
Meta
change, beyond
Pan
all
Abdomin/o
abdominal
Adip/o
fat
Aliment/o
nourishment
An/o
anus
Append/o
appendix
Bol/o
cast, throw (metabolism)
Bucc/o
cheek
Carb/o
carbon (carbohydrate, sugar)
Cecum/o
first part of the large intestine
Chol/e
bile or gall
Cirrh/o
orange, yellwo
Col/o
large intestine
Creas (kreas)
flesh, pancreas
Cyte
cell
Cyst/o
bladder
Decidu/a
falling off
Dent/o
teeth
Duoden/o
duodenum, distance of 12 fingers
Enter/o
small intestine
Esophago
esophagus
Feces
(pl) of faex, dregs (worthless portion)
Flatus
a blowing
Gastr/o
stomach
Gingiva
gums
Gloss/o
tongue
Hepat/o
liver
Hemat/o
blood
Herni/o
protrude, rupture
Hydr/o
hydrogen, water
Ile/o
last part of the small intestine
Lact/o
milk sugar
Lapar/o
loin, flank
Lingu/o
tongue
Lip/o
fat
Lith/o
stone
Malt/o
malt sugar
Muc/o
mucus
Nas/o
nose
Naus/ea
seasickness, ship
Or/o
mouth
Os/o
mouth
Peritone/o
to stretch over
Phag/o
swallow
Prote/o
protein
Ulcer/o
a sore
Rect/o
rectum
Sacchar/o
sugar
Sigmos
the letter S
Zyme
leaven (a pervasive influence)
-ase
enzyme
-dynia
painful
-emesis
vomit
-ia
condition
-ism
process, condition
-oid
resembles
-pepsia
digestion
-plasty
surgical repair
-rrhea
flow, discharge
GI
gastrointestinal
LES
lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
NG
nasogastric
TMJ
temporomandibular joint
Abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
Abdominoplasty
surgical repair of the abdomen
Alimentary
relating to nourishment or sustenance
Alimentary tube
the tubular passage typically extending from the mouth to the anus
Amylase
any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch
Anoplasty
surgical repair of the anus
Antiemetic
medication that prevents vomiting
Appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
Buccal
of, relating to, involving, or lying in the mouth
Carbohydrate
sugars, starches, and celluloses
Cecum
the beginning of the large intestine
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystogram
a recording of the gallbladder
Cholecystography
recording a picture or record of the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis
production of gallstones
Cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver characterized by the destruction of liver cells
Colectomy
surgical removal of some of the large intestine
Colonoscopy
endoscopic visualization and examination of the large intestine from the anus to the ileocecum junction
Colorectal
relating to or affecting the large intestine and rectum
Deciduous
baby teeth
Defecation
the discharge of solid waste from the anus
Diarrhea
frequent passing of liquid stools
Dietician
an expert on diet and nutrition
Disaccharide
sugar made of 2 simple sugars
Duodenum
the first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum
Dyspepsia
painful or abnormal digestion
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Emesis
vomiting
Enteric
of, relating to, or affecting the intestines
Enterocolitis
inflammation of the large and small intestine
Enzymes
chemical compounds that speed up a chemical reaction. these words will end in -ase
Esophageal
(adj) form of esophagus
Esophagoscopy
endoscopic visualization and examination of the esophagus
Fecal
(adj) form of feces
Feces
stool; excrement; body waste from the large intestine
Flatulence
the release of intestinal gases
Flatus
gas in the digestive tract
Gallbladder
the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine
Gastrectomy
surgical removal of all or a portion of the stomach; also known as gastric resection
Gastric ulcer
a peptic ulcer situated in the stomach
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
Gastroenterologist
a doctor who has studied the gi system
Gastrointestinal Tract
the part of the digestive system that consists of the stomach and intestines
Gingiva
oral gums
Gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
Glossal
pertaining to the tongue
Hepatitis
a disease or condition marked by inflammation of the liver
Hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
Herniation
the act of abnormally protruding
Ileocecal valve
a valve that is situated between the distal end of the small intestine and the proximal end of the large intestine
Ileum
the distal section of the small intestine
Intestine
the portion of the alimentary tube after the stomach
Lactase
the enzyme used to break down milk sugar
Laparoscopy
endoscopic visualization and examination of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Laryngopharynx
the distal end of the pharynx
Lingual
pertaining to the tongue
Lipase
an enzyme used to break down fats
Maltase
enzyme that breaks down malt sugar
Mastication
the act of chewing
Mesentery
a membrane that attaches the intestines to the posterior portion of the abdominal cavity
Metabolism
the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated
Mucosa
mucous membrane
Mucous
(adj) form of mucus
Mucus
a slimy substance, typically not miscible with water, secreted by mucuous membranes
Nasogastric
pertaining to the nose and stomach
Nasopharynx
the proximal end of the pharynx
Nausea
unpleasant sensation usually preceding vomiting
Oropharynx
the middle portion of the pharynx
Pancreas
a large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon
Pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
Parietal
of or relating to the walls of a part or cavity
Parotid
salivary gland
Periodontitis
inflammation of the supporting membranes around the teeth
Peristalsis
successive waves of involuntary contraction
Peritoneum
the smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen
Peritonitis
inflammation of the smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen
Pharynx
the muscular tubular passage of the vertebrate digestive and respiratory tracts extending from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus
Salivary
relating to the saliva glands
Sigmoid
the āsā shaped portion of the colon
Sphincter
smooth muscular ring that closes a passageway
Sublingual gland
salivary gland under the tongue
Submandibular gland
salivary gland below the mandible
Sucrase
an enzyme that breaks down sucrose
Temporomandibular Joint
the jaw joint
