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Medical Terminology > ch 4 - skeletal system > Flashcards

ch 4 - skeletal system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

inflammation of one or more vertebrae characterized by joint stiffness or immobility; rheumatoid arthritis of the spine

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2
Q

ankylosis

A

immobility of a joint

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3
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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4
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

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5
Q

arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture of a joint to withdraw fluid

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6
Q

arthrochondritis

A

inflammation of an articular cartilage

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7
Q

arthroclasis

A

therapeutic breaking of a joint or adhesions of a joint

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8
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fixation, binding, or immobilization of a joint

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9
Q

arthrogram

A

picture or record of a joint

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10
Q

arthrography

A

process of obtaining a radiograph of the internal

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11
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint

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12
Q

arthroscopy

A

visualization of the internal structures of a joint using an endoscope

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13
Q

arthrotomy

A

incision into a joint

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14
Q

articulation

A

area where two or more bones meet; a joint

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15
Q

baker’s cyst

A

accumulation of synovial fluid in the knee joint

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16
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

removing a sample of bone

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17
Q

bone scan

A

visualization of the structure of the bone using a radioisotope; a nuclear medicine examination

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18
Q

bunion

A

inflammation and enlargement of the bursa of the joint of the great (big) toe; also known as hallux valgus

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19
Q

bunionectomy

A

surgical removal of a bunion

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20
Q

bursectomy

A

surgical removal of a bursa

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21
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

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22
Q

bursotomy

A

incision into a bursa

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23
Q

chiropractor

A

practitioner who uses mechanical manipulation of the spinal column as a primary treatment method

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24
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

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25
Q

closed reduction

A

process of aligning fractured bones through manual manipulation or traction

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26
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the cranium or skull

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27
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the cranium or bones of the skull

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28
Q

crepitation

A

crackling or clicking sound present during joint movement

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29
Q

diskectomy

A

surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk

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30
Q

dislocation

A

temporary displacement of a bone from its joint

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31
Q

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

A

noninvasive x-ray procedure that measures bone density

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32
Q

dual-photon absorptiometry

A

small amount of radiation to measure bone density

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33
Q

external fixation

A

fracture treatment procedure in which pins (or other fixation devices) are placed through the soft tissues and bone and an external appliance is used to hold the bone in alignment; the external fixation appliance is removed after healing occurs

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34
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

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35
Q

fracture

A

breaking of a bone; broken bone

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36
Q

gout

A

acute arthritis characterized by inflammation of the first joint of the great toe

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37
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of the intervertebral disk, which protrudes between the vertebra and puts pressure on the spinal nerve root; also called a ruptured or slipped disk

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38
Q

humeral

A

pertaining to the humerus

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39
Q

intercostal

A

pertaining to between the ribs

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40
Q

intervertebral

A

pertaining to between the vertebrae

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41
Q

ischiopubic

A

pertaining to the ischium and pubis

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42
Q

kyphosis

A

outward (posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine

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43
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the posterior arch of the vertebra

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44
Q

lordosis

A

forward (anterior) curvature of the lumbar

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45
Q

lumbar

A

pertaining to the lower back

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46
Q

lumbosacral

A

pertaining to the lower back or lumbar region and sacrum

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47
Q

myeloma

A

tumor originating from the bone marrow

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48
Q

open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)

A

surgical alignment of fractured bones using screws, pins, wires, or nails to maintain bone alignment; internal fixation devices are not removed after the bone is healed

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49
Q

open reduction

A

alignment of fractured bones through a surgically opened wound

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50
Q

orthopedics

A

branch of medicine pertaining to the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the skeletal and muscular systems

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51
Q

orthopedist

A

physician who specializes in orthopedics

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52
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of the bone

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53
Q

osteoblast

A

immature bone or bone cell

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54
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage

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55
Q

osteoclasis

A

surgical fracture of a bone

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56
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell

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57
Q

osteofibroma

A

tumor of bony and fibrous tissue

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58
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bone in adults

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59
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

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60
Q

osteoplasty

A

surgical repair of a bone

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61
Q

osteoporosis

A

decreased bone density or loss of bone mass

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62
Q

osteosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of bone

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63
Q

osteotomy

A

incision into a bone

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64
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of the joints, especially the joints of the hands and feet

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65
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

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66
Q

spinal fusion

A

permanent joining of two or more vertebrae

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67
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

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68
Q

spur

A

bony growth arising from the surface of the bone

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69
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a bone from its joint

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70
Q

submandibular

A

pertaining to under or below the mandible

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71
Q

submaxillary

A

pertaining to under or below the maxilla

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72
Q

substernal

A

pertaining to under or below the sternum

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73
Q

supraclavicular

A

pertaining to above the sternum and clavicle

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74
Q

synovectomy

A

surgical removal of a synovial membrane

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75
Q

talipes

A

congenital deformity characterized by an abnormal alignment of the bones of the feet; layman’s term clubfoot

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76
Q

total hip replacement (THR)

A

surgical replacement of the head and neck of the femur and the acetabulum with synthetic components; a synthetic stem (shaft) is placed in the shaft of the femur

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77
Q

dia-

A

complete, through

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78
Q

dis-

A

apart, to separate

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79
Q

inter

A

between

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80
Q

meta

A

change, beyond

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81
Q

sub

A

below

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82
Q

acetabul/o

A

hip socket

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83
Q

acr/o

A

extremities, limbs

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84
Q

acromi/o

A

extension of the shoulder bone

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85
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

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86
Q

append/o

A

arms, legs. appendages

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87
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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88
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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89
Q

burs/o

A

bursa, fluid filled pouch

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90
Q

cancel/o

A

latticed, having openings

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91
Q

carp/o

A

wrist bones

92
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

93
Q

clavicul/o

A

collar bone

94
Q

cleid/o

A

collar bone

95
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

96
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx end of the tail bone

97
Q

crani/o

A

skull

98
Q

crepitus

A

crackling sound

99
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

100
Q

chir/o

A

hand

101
Q

disc/o, disk/o

A

soft pad between the vertebra

102
Q

faci/o

A

face

103
Q

femor/o

A

femur bone

104
Q

glen/o

A

the glenoid fossa of the shoulder blade

105
Q

gnath/o

A

jaw

106
Q

humer/o

A

humerus bone

107
Q

ili/o

A

flat bone of the pelvis

108
Q

ischi/o

A

part of the pelvis, the ischium

109
Q

kyph/o

A

outward (posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine

110
Q

ligament/o

A

fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

111
Q

lord/o

A

forward (anterior) curvature of the lumbar and cervical

112
Q

lumb/o

A

the low back

113
Q

mandibul/o

A

lower jaw bone

114
Q

maxill/o

A

upper jaw bone

115
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow or spinal cord

116
Q

orth/o

A

straight

117
Q

oste/o

A

bone

118
Q

patell/o

A

knee cap

119
Q

phalang/o

A

fingers and toes

120
Q

physi/o

A

function

121
Q

ped/o

A

child, foot

122
Q

pod/o

A

foot

123
Q

prosop/o

A

face

124
Q

pub/o

A

pubic bone

125
Q

rachi/o

A

spinal column

126
Q

radi/o

A

radius bone of the arm

127
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum or tailbone

128
Q

scapul/o

A

shoulder blade

129
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent

130
Q

spin/o

A

spine

131
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra, backbone

132
Q

stern/o

A

breast bone

133
Q

tars/o

A

bones of the ankle

134
Q

tibi/o

A

large bone of the lower leg, shin bone

135
Q

uln/o

A

ulna, bone of the forearm

136
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra, the bony part of the spine

137
Q

-blast

A

to form

138
Q

-clast, clasis

A

to break down

139
Q

-iatry, iatr/o

A

physician

140
Q

-ist

A

specialist

141
Q

-ium

A

structure or tissue

142
Q

-malacia

A

softening

143
Q

-physis

A

growth plate of the bone

144
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

145
Q

por/o

A

opening, spaces

146
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

147
Q

-otomy

A

cut

148
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint Abb

A

AC

149
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Abb

A

ACL

150
Q

Lateral collateral ligament abb

A

LCL

151
Q

Medial collateral ligament abb

A

MCL

152
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament abb

A

PCL

153
Q

Total hip replacement abb

A

THR

154
Q

Temporomandibular joint abb

A

TMJ

155
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

joint where the collar bone meets the shoulder blade

156
Q

ankylosis

A

abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones

157
Q

appendicular

A

relating to or denoting an appendage or appendages

158
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in the joint

159
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation in the joint

160
Q

arthrochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage of the joint

161
Q

arthrogram

A

picture or record of a joint

162
Q

arthrography

A

process of obtaining a radiograph of the internal

163
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint

164
Q

arthroscopy

A

visualization of the internal structures of a joint using an endoscope

165
Q

articulation

A

the joining of segments that allow motion. a joint.

166
Q

axial skeleton

A

part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate

167
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

168
Q

cancellous bone

A

bone marrow. latticed/having openings

169
Q

carpal

A

group of bones supporting the wrist

170
Q

cervical

A

relating to a neck of the spine and a part of the uterus

171
Q

chiropractor

A

a practitioner of the system of integrative medicine based on the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of misalignments of the joints

172
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone

173
Q

coccyx

A

small bone that articulates with the sacrum. it is located as the distal end of the tail bone. noun

174
Q

costalgia

A

painful ribs

175
Q

costochondritis

A

painful cartilage of the ribs

176
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the cranium or skull

177
Q

crepitation

A

a crackling or rattling sound of joints, tendons or lungs

178
Q

discectomy

A

surgical removal of the whole or a part of the intevertebral disc

179
Q

discopathy

A

noun. any disease affecting an intervertebral disk

180
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of one or more bones at a joint

181
Q

femur

A

proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that extends from the hip to the knee– called also thighbone

182
Q

fracture

A

breaking of a bone; broken bone

183
Q

glenohumeral

A

shoulder joint

184
Q

humerus

A

longest bone of the upper arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow

185
Q

ilium

A

dorsal, upper, and largest one of the three bones composing either lateral half of the pelvis

186
Q

intercostal

A

between the ribs

187
Q

intervertebral

A

between the boney segments of the spine

188
Q

ischium

A

inferior (lower) segment of the hip bone. The portion of the pelvic bone that you sit on

189
Q

ischiopubic

A

pertaining to the ischium and pubis

190
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal outward (posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine

191
Q

lordosis

A

forward (anterior) curvature of the lumbar

192
Q

lumbar

A

relating or or constituting the loins or the vertebrae between the thoracic vertebrae and sacrum

193
Q

lumbosacral

A

pertaining to the lower back or lumbar region and sacrum

194
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw

195
Q

maxilla

A

upper portion of the jaw

196
Q

micrognathia

A

small jaw

197
Q

orthopedist

A

a doctor who specializes in the branch of medicine concerned with the correction or prevention of deformities, disorders, or injuries of the skeleton and associated structures

198
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of the bone

199
Q

osteoarthritis

A

common form of arthritis. involves the bone and the joint

200
Q

osteoblast

A

bone cells that form bone

201
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilaginous part of the bone

202
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone cells that reabsorb bone matrix

203
Q

osteocyte

A

bone cell

204
Q

osteopathy

A

a branch of medical practice that emphasizes the treatment of medical disorders through the manipulation and massage of the bones, joints, and muscles

205
Q

periosteum

A

outer membranous layer that coats the bone

206
Q

phalange

A

noun. one of the digital bones of the hand or foot

207
Q

physiatrist

A

a medical doctor or, a doctor of osteopathic medicine, who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation

208
Q

sacrococcygeal

A

pertaining to the sacrum and the tailbone

209
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of the joints of the backbone

210
Q

sacroiliac

A

relating to, affecting, or being the region of the joint between the sacrum and the ilium

211
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

212
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curve of the spine

213
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

214
Q

submandibular

A

below the lower jaw bone

215
Q

submaxillary

A

below the upper jaw bone

216
Q

substernal

A

below the breast bone

217
Q

supraclavicular

A

above the collar bone

218
Q

tarsal

A

bones of the ankle

219
Q

tarsometatarsal

A

joint between the bones of the ankle and bones of the foot

220
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

jaw joint

221
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

222
Q

metatarsal

A

relating to, or being the part of the human foot

223
Q

metatarsophalangeal

A

relating to, or involving both the metatarsus and the phalanges. The joint where they meet

224
Q

myelopathy

A

disease or disorder of the spinal cord or bone marrow

225
Q

vertebral

A

of, relating to, or being vertebrae or the spinal column

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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