ch 4 - skeletal system Flashcards
ankylosing spondylitis
inflammation of one or more vertebrae characterized by joint stiffness or immobility; rheumatoid arthritis of the spine
ankylosis
immobility of a joint
arthralgia
joint pain
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture of a joint to withdraw fluid
arthrochondritis
inflammation of an articular cartilage
arthroclasis
therapeutic breaking of a joint or adhesions of a joint
arthrodesis
surgical fixation, binding, or immobilization of a joint
arthrogram
picture or record of a joint
arthrography
process of obtaining a radiograph of the internal
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
arthroscopy
visualization of the internal structures of a joint using an endoscope
arthrotomy
incision into a joint
articulation
area where two or more bones meet; a joint
baker’s cyst
accumulation of synovial fluid in the knee joint
bone marrow aspiration
removing a sample of bone
bone scan
visualization of the structure of the bone using a radioisotope; a nuclear medicine examination
bunion
inflammation and enlargement of the bursa of the joint of the great (big) toe; also known as hallux valgus
bunionectomy
surgical removal of a bunion
bursectomy
surgical removal of a bursa
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
bursotomy
incision into a bursa
chiropractor
practitioner who uses mechanical manipulation of the spinal column as a primary treatment method
chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
closed reduction
process of aligning fractured bones through manual manipulation or traction
cranial
pertaining to the cranium or skull
craniotomy
incision into the cranium or bones of the skull
crepitation
crackling or clicking sound present during joint movement
diskectomy
surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk
dislocation
temporary displacement of a bone from its joint
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
noninvasive x-ray procedure that measures bone density
dual-photon absorptiometry
small amount of radiation to measure bone density
external fixation
fracture treatment procedure in which pins (or other fixation devices) are placed through the soft tissues and bone and an external appliance is used to hold the bone in alignment; the external fixation appliance is removed after healing occurs
femoral
pertaining to the femur
fracture
breaking of a bone; broken bone
gout
acute arthritis characterized by inflammation of the first joint of the great toe
herniated disk
rupture of the intervertebral disk, which protrudes between the vertebra and puts pressure on the spinal nerve root; also called a ruptured or slipped disk
humeral
pertaining to the humerus
intercostal
pertaining to between the ribs
intervertebral
pertaining to between the vertebrae
ischiopubic
pertaining to the ischium and pubis
kyphosis
outward (posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine
laminectomy
surgical removal of the posterior arch of the vertebra
lordosis
forward (anterior) curvature of the lumbar
lumbar
pertaining to the lower back
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lower back or lumbar region and sacrum
myeloma
tumor originating from the bone marrow
open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
surgical alignment of fractured bones using screws, pins, wires, or nails to maintain bone alignment; internal fixation devices are not removed after the bone is healed
open reduction
alignment of fractured bones through a surgically opened wound
orthopedics
branch of medicine pertaining to the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the skeletal and muscular systems
orthopedist
physician who specializes in orthopedics
osteitis
inflammation of the bone
osteoblast
immature bone or bone cell
osteochondritis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
osteoclasis
surgical fracture of a bone
osteocyte
mature bone cell
osteofibroma
tumor of bony and fibrous tissue
osteomalacia
softening of the bone in adults
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
osteoplasty
surgical repair of a bone
osteoporosis
decreased bone density or loss of bone mass
osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of bone
osteotomy
incision into a bone
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of the joints, especially the joints of the hands and feet
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
spinal fusion
permanent joining of two or more vertebrae
spondylitis
inflammation of one or more vertebrae
spur
bony growth arising from the surface of the bone
subluxation
partial dislocation of a bone from its joint
submandibular
pertaining to under or below the mandible
submaxillary
pertaining to under or below the maxilla
substernal
pertaining to under or below the sternum
supraclavicular
pertaining to above the sternum and clavicle
synovectomy
surgical removal of a synovial membrane
talipes
congenital deformity characterized by an abnormal alignment of the bones of the feet; layman’s term clubfoot
total hip replacement (THR)
surgical replacement of the head and neck of the femur and the acetabulum with synthetic components; a synthetic stem (shaft) is placed in the shaft of the femur
dia-
complete, through
dis-
apart, to separate
inter
between
meta
change, beyond
sub
below
acetabul/o
hip socket
acr/o
extremities, limbs
acromi/o
extension of the shoulder bone
ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
append/o
arms, legs. appendages
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
burs/o
bursa, fluid filled pouch
cancel/o
latticed, having openings
carp/o
wrist bones
chondr/o
cartilage
clavicul/o
collar bone
cleid/o
collar bone
cost/o
ribs
coccyg/o
coccyx end of the tail bone
crani/o
skull
crepitus
crackling sound
cervic/o
neck
chir/o
hand
disc/o, disk/o
soft pad between the vertebra
faci/o
face
femor/o
femur bone
glen/o
the glenoid fossa of the shoulder blade
gnath/o
jaw
humer/o
humerus bone
ili/o
flat bone of the pelvis
ischi/o
part of the pelvis, the ischium
kyph/o
outward (posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine
ligament/o
fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
lord/o
forward (anterior) curvature of the lumbar and cervical
lumb/o
the low back
mandibul/o
lower jaw bone
maxill/o
upper jaw bone
myel/o
bone marrow or spinal cord
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
patell/o
knee cap
phalang/o
fingers and toes
physi/o
function
ped/o
child, foot
pod/o
foot
prosop/o
face
pub/o
pubic bone
rachi/o
spinal column
radi/o
radius bone of the arm
sacr/o
sacrum or tailbone
scapul/o
shoulder blade
scoli/o
crooked, bent
spin/o
spine
spondyl/o
vertebra, backbone
stern/o
breast bone
tars/o
bones of the ankle
tibi/o
large bone of the lower leg, shin bone
uln/o
ulna, bone of the forearm
vertebr/o
vertebra, the bony part of the spine
-blast
to form
-clast, clasis
to break down
-iatry, iatr/o
physician
-ist
specialist
-ium
structure or tissue
-malacia
softening
-physis
growth plate of the bone
-plasty
surgical repair
por/o
opening, spaces
-sclerosis
hardening
-otomy
cut
Acromioclavicular Joint Abb
AC
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Abb
ACL
Lateral collateral ligament abb
LCL
Medial collateral ligament abb
MCL
Posterior cruciate ligament abb
PCL
Total hip replacement abb
THR
Temporomandibular joint abb
TMJ
acromioclavicular joint
joint where the collar bone meets the shoulder blade
ankylosis
abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones
appendicular
relating to or denoting an appendage or appendages
arthralgia
pain in the joint
arthritis
inflammation in the joint
arthrochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage of the joint
arthrogram
picture or record of a joint
arthrography
process of obtaining a radiograph of the internal
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
arthroscopy
visualization of the internal structures of a joint using an endoscope
articulation
the joining of segments that allow motion. a joint.
axial skeleton
part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
cancellous bone
bone marrow. latticed/having openings
carpal
group of bones supporting the wrist
cervical
relating to a neck of the spine and a part of the uterus
chiropractor
a practitioner of the system of integrative medicine based on the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of misalignments of the joints
clavicle
collar bone
coccyx
small bone that articulates with the sacrum. it is located as the distal end of the tail bone. noun
costalgia
painful ribs
costochondritis
painful cartilage of the ribs
cranial
pertaining to the cranium or skull
crepitation
a crackling or rattling sound of joints, tendons or lungs
discectomy
surgical removal of the whole or a part of the intevertebral disc
discopathy
noun. any disease affecting an intervertebral disk
dislocation
displacement of one or more bones at a joint
femur
proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that extends from the hip to the knee– called also thighbone
fracture
breaking of a bone; broken bone
glenohumeral
shoulder joint
humerus
longest bone of the upper arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow
ilium
dorsal, upper, and largest one of the three bones composing either lateral half of the pelvis
intercostal
between the ribs
intervertebral
between the boney segments of the spine
ischium
inferior (lower) segment of the hip bone. The portion of the pelvic bone that you sit on
ischiopubic
pertaining to the ischium and pubis
kyphosis
abnormal outward (posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine
lordosis
forward (anterior) curvature of the lumbar
lumbar
relating or or constituting the loins or the vertebrae between the thoracic vertebrae and sacrum
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lower back or lumbar region and sacrum
mandible
lower jaw
maxilla
upper portion of the jaw
micrognathia
small jaw
orthopedist
a doctor who specializes in the branch of medicine concerned with the correction or prevention of deformities, disorders, or injuries of the skeleton and associated structures
osteitis
inflammation of the bone
osteoarthritis
common form of arthritis. involves the bone and the joint
osteoblast
bone cells that form bone
osteochondritis
inflammation of the cartilaginous part of the bone
osteoclasts
bone cells that reabsorb bone matrix
osteocyte
bone cell
osteopathy
a branch of medical practice that emphasizes the treatment of medical disorders through the manipulation and massage of the bones, joints, and muscles
periosteum
outer membranous layer that coats the bone
phalange
noun. one of the digital bones of the hand or foot
physiatrist
a medical doctor or, a doctor of osteopathic medicine, who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation
sacrococcygeal
pertaining to the sacrum and the tailbone
spondylitis
inflammation of the joints of the backbone
sacroiliac
relating to, affecting, or being the region of the joint between the sacrum and the ilium
scapula
shoulder blade
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve of the spine
sternum
breastbone
submandibular
below the lower jaw bone
submaxillary
below the upper jaw bone
substernal
below the breast bone
supraclavicular
above the collar bone
tarsal
bones of the ankle
tarsometatarsal
joint between the bones of the ankle and bones of the foot
temporomandibular joint
jaw joint
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
metatarsal
relating to, or being the part of the human foot
metatarsophalangeal
relating to, or involving both the metatarsus and the phalanges. The joint where they meet
myelopathy
disease or disorder of the spinal cord or bone marrow
vertebral
of, relating to, or being vertebrae or the spinal column
