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Medical Terminology > ch 5 - muscular system > Flashcards

ch 5 - muscular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

a-

A

without

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2
Q

ab-

A

away

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3
Q

ad-

A

toward

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4
Q

ambi-

A

around, both sides, about

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5
Q

anti, ant/a

A

against

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6
Q

bi-

A

2 (two)

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7
Q

brady-

A

slow

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8
Q

circum-

A

around

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9
Q

dextr/o

A

right

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10
Q

dys-

A

difficult, painful

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11
Q

dorsi-

A

back

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12
Q

hyper-

A

increase, above

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13
Q

intra-

A

within

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14
Q

infra-

A

below, less

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15
Q

iso-

A

same, equal

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16
Q

levo

A

left

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17
Q

supra-

A

above, more

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18
Q

tachy-

A

fast

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19
Q

tri-

A

3 (three)

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20
Q

agon/o

A

to assemble, together

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21
Q

branchi/o

A

arm

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22
Q

cep

A

heads or origins

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23
Q

collateral

A

accessary part

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24
Q

crux, cruciate

A

to cross

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25
Q

duct/o

A

to lead or carry

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26
Q

fasci/o

A

outer fibrous layer of the muscle

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27
Q

flex/o

A

decrease the angle of a joint

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28
Q

glute/o

A

muscle of the buttocks

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29
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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30
Q

later/o

A

side

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31
Q

long/o

A

long

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32
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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33
Q

metr-/o

A

measure

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34
Q

obliq/o

A

angled

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35
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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36
Q

rect/o

A

straight

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37
Q

spin/o

A

spine and bony part of the shoulder blade

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38
Q

tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

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39
Q

ten/o

A

thin

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40
Q

tenosyn/o

A

tendon sheath

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41
Q

ten/o

A

tension, stretch

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42
Q

trophy

A

nourishment, development

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43
Q

vast/o

A

large

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44
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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45
Q

o/tomy

A

to cut

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46
Q

os/tomy

A

an opening created from cutting

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47
Q

DTR

A

deep tendon reflex

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48
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

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49
Q

FM

A

fibromyalgia

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50
Q

IM

A

intramuscular (injection)

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51
Q

RICE

A

rest, ice, compression, elevation

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52
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

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53
Q

SCM

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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54
Q

abduction

A

to move away from the midline

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55
Q

adduction

A

to move toward the midline

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56
Q

agonist

A

muscles that work together

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57
Q

antagonist

A

noun. agent that acts in physiological opposition

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58
Q

aerobic

A

with oxygen. light, long term exercise that allows for a maintaining of localized muscle oxygen

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59
Q

anaerobic

A

without oxygen. heavy exercise that quickly depletes the localized muscle oxygen content. this results in more lactic acid build up bc of the burning of glycogen

60
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue

61
Q

biceps

A

noun. two headed muscle - the large flexor muscle of the front of the upper arm

62
Q

brachioradialis

A

muscle of the arm that covers the radius bone

63
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

64
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

65
Q

circumduction

A

movement in a circular motion

66
Q

contraction

A

shortening or tightening of a muscle

67
Q

contracture

A

abnormal and often permanent flexion at a joint caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers

68
Q

deltoid

A

noun. large triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint

69
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bringing the foot in an upward direction

70
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficult or poor movement

71
Q

dystonia

A

abnormal muscle tone; prolonged muscle contractions

72
Q

dystrophy

A

abnormal development

73
Q

electromyogram

A

graphic record of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation

74
Q

extension

A

straightening motion; movement to increase the angle between bones

75
Q

fascia

A

noun. sheet of connective tissue covering or binding together body structures

76
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia

77
Q

fibroma

A

benign tumors composed of fibrous connective tissue

78
Q

fibromyalgia

A

chronic pain illness characterized by widespread muscular aches, pains, and stiffness

79
Q

fibrous

A

consisting of or characterized by fibers

80
Q

flexion

A

bending of a joint such that the joint angle decreases

81
Q

gluteus

A

noun. any of three large muscles of the buttocks

82
Q

gluteus maximus

A

the largest of the muscles of the buttocks

83
Q

gluteus minimus

A

the smallest of the muscles of the buttocks

84
Q

hamstring

A

noun. either of two groups of tendons bounding the upper part of the popliteal space at the back of the knee

85
Q

hyperkinesia

A

increased muscular movement and physical activity

86
Q

hypertonicity

A

abnormally tight

87
Q

hypertrophy

A

increases growth or development of an organ or tissue not related to a tumor

88
Q

intercostal

A

between the ribs

89
Q

intramuscular

A

pertaining to within the muscle or muscle tissue

90
Q

isometric

A

relating to, involving, or being muscular contraction against resistance, without significant change of length of muscle fibers, and with marked increase in muscle tone

91
Q

isotonic

A

relating to, or being muscular contraction in the absence of significant resistance, with marked shortening of muscle fibers, and without great increase in muscle tone

92
Q

kinesiology

A

the study of movement

93
Q

levator scapulae

A

noun. back muscle that arises in the transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae and descends to insert into the vertebral border of the scapula with it elevates

94
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

95
Q

myodynia

A

muscle pain

96
Q

myofascitis

A

inflammation of the outer coating of the muscle

97
Q

myoplasty

A

surgical repair or plastic surgery of muscle tissue

98
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of the muscle tissue

99
Q

oblique

A

at an angle

100
Q

plantar flexion

A

moving the foot in a downward away from the leg; pointing the toes downward

101
Q

pectoralis

A

either of two muscles of each side of the upper and anterior part of the thorax

102
Q

pronation

A

rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned downward or backward; palms down

103
Q

quadriceps

A

noun. greater extensor muscle of the front of the thigh that is divided into four parts

104
Q

rectus femoris

A

noun. division of the quadriceps muscle lying in the anterior middle region of the thigh

105
Q

rotator cuff

A

noun. supporting and strengthening structure of the shoulder joint that is made up of part of its capsule blended with tendons of the S.I.T.S. muscles

106
Q

supraspinatus

A

muscle that is located above the spinous of the shoulder blade

107
Q

infraspinatus

A

muscle that is located below the spine of the scapula

108
Q

teres minor

A

intrinsic shoulder muscle that extends from the lateral border of the scapula to the greater tubercle (or tuberosity) of the humerus

109
Q

subscapularis

A

muscle located between the shoulder blade and the ribs

110
Q

rotation

A

the action of rotating around an axis or center

111
Q

spinatus

A

spine like portion of the scapula

112
Q

sprain

A

injury of the ligaments of a joint caused by wrenching or twisting

113
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

muscle that attaches to the sternum, clavicle and the mastoid process

114
Q

subscapularis

A

muscle located between the ribs and the shoulder blade

115
Q

supination

A

rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward

116
Q

tendinitis (tendonitis)

A

noun. inflammation of a tendon

117
Q

tenodynia

A

painful tendon

118
Q

trapezius

A

noun. large flat triangular superficial muscle of each side of the upper back

119
Q

triceps

A

muscle that arises from three heads. large extensor muscle along the back of the upper arm

120
Q

vastus muscles

A

large muscles in the quadriceps group. located in the anterior portion of the thigh.

121
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

serious, generalized muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue without atrophy

122
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue

123
Q

myorrhaphy

A

suture of muscle tissue or a muscle wound

124
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia, located on the sole of the foot

125
Q

polymyositis

A

chronic, progressive inflammation of skeletal muscles with muscle weakness and atrophy

126
Q

range-of-motion testing (ROM)

A

manipulation of a joint to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

127
Q

Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE)

A

commonly used first aid treatment for muscular injuries; rest and ice ease pain; compression and elevation help minimize swelling

128
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

hereditary or acquired condition characterized by the destruction of skeletal muscle fibers and the release of muscle cell contents into the bloodstream

129
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

highly malignant neoplasm or tumor of the skeletal muscle

130
Q

rotation

A

moving or turning on an axis or pivot point

131
Q

tenomyoplasty

A

surgical repair of muscles and tendons

132
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

suturing of a tendon

133
Q

tenosynovectomy

A

surgical removal of a tendon sheath

134
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of a tendon sheath

135
Q

torticollis

A

shortening of the muscles on one side of the neck; wryneck

136
Q

werdnig-hoffman disease

A

genetic disorder characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; also known as familial spinal muscle atrophy and floppy infant syndrome

137
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation and swelling of the tendons and median nerve that pass under the carpal ligament; also called repetitive stress syndrome or disease

138
Q

charcot-marie-tooth disease

A

hereditary condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles of the lower leg, specifically those associated with the fibula

139
Q

dermatomyositis

A

connective tissue disease characterized by the destruction of muscle tissue and puritic inflammation of the skin

140
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

process of recording muscle contraction when receiving electrical stimulation

141
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgical incision and division into a fascia

142
Q

ganglion cyst

A

noncancerous lump filled with a jellylike fluid; commonly develops along the tendons or joints of the hands; may also occur in the ankles or feet

143
Q

ganglionectomy

A

excision of a ganglion

144
Q

leiomyofibroma

A

benign tumor of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

145
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fiber; genetically inherited

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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