ch 5 - muscular system Flashcards
a-
without
ab-
away
ad-
toward
ambi-
around, both sides, about
anti, ant/a
against
bi-
2 (two)
brady-
slow
circum-
around
dextr/o
right
dys-
difficult, painful
dorsi-
back
hyper-
increase, above
intra-
within
infra-
below, less
iso-
same, equal
levo
left
supra-
above, more
tachy-
fast
tri-
3 (three)
agon/o
to assemble, together
branchi/o
arm
cep
heads or origins
collateral
accessary part
crux, cruciate
to cross
duct/o
to lead or carry
fasci/o
outer fibrous layer of the muscle
flex/o
decrease the angle of a joint
glute/o
muscle of the buttocks
kinesi/o
movement
later/o
side
long/o
long
my/o
muscle
metr-/o
measure
obliq/o
angled
pector/o
chest
rect/o
straight
spin/o
spine and bony part of the shoulder blade
tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
ten/o
thin
tenosyn/o
tendon sheath
ten/o
tension, stretch
trophy
nourishment, development
vast/o
large
-plasty
surgical repair
o/tomy
to cut
os/tomy
an opening created from cutting
DTR
deep tendon reflex
EMG
electromyography
FM
fibromyalgia
IM
intramuscular (injection)
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
ROM
range of motion
SCM
sternocleidomastoid muscle
abduction
to move away from the midline
adduction
to move toward the midline
agonist
muscles that work together
antagonist
noun. agent that acts in physiological opposition
aerobic
with oxygen. light, long term exercise that allows for a maintaining of localized muscle oxygen
anaerobic
without oxygen. heavy exercise that quickly depletes the localized muscle oxygen content. this results in more lactic acid build up bc of the burning of glycogen
atrophy
decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue
biceps
noun. two headed muscle - the large flexor muscle of the front of the upper arm
brachioradialis
muscle of the arm that covers the radius bone
bradykinesia
slow movement
buccal
pertaining to the cheek
circumduction
movement in a circular motion
contraction
shortening or tightening of a muscle
contracture
abnormal and often permanent flexion at a joint caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers
deltoid
noun. large triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint
dorsiflexion
bringing the foot in an upward direction
dyskinesia
difficult or poor movement
dystonia
abnormal muscle tone; prolonged muscle contractions
dystrophy
abnormal development
electromyogram
graphic record of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation
extension
straightening motion; movement to increase the angle between bones
fascia
noun. sheet of connective tissue covering or binding together body structures
fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
fibroma
benign tumors composed of fibrous connective tissue
fibromyalgia
chronic pain illness characterized by widespread muscular aches, pains, and stiffness
fibrous
consisting of or characterized by fibers
flexion
bending of a joint such that the joint angle decreases
gluteus
noun. any of three large muscles of the buttocks
gluteus maximus
the largest of the muscles of the buttocks
gluteus minimus
the smallest of the muscles of the buttocks
hamstring
noun. either of two groups of tendons bounding the upper part of the popliteal space at the back of the knee
hyperkinesia
increased muscular movement and physical activity
hypertonicity
abnormally tight
hypertrophy
increases growth or development of an organ or tissue not related to a tumor
intercostal
between the ribs
intramuscular
pertaining to within the muscle or muscle tissue
isometric
relating to, involving, or being muscular contraction against resistance, without significant change of length of muscle fibers, and with marked increase in muscle tone
isotonic
relating to, or being muscular contraction in the absence of significant resistance, with marked shortening of muscle fibers, and without great increase in muscle tone
kinesiology
the study of movement
levator scapulae
noun. back muscle that arises in the transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae and descends to insert into the vertebral border of the scapula with it elevates
myalgia
muscle pain
myodynia
muscle pain
myofascitis
inflammation of the outer coating of the muscle
myoplasty
surgical repair or plastic surgery of muscle tissue
myositis
inflammation of the muscle tissue
oblique
at an angle
plantar flexion
moving the foot in a downward away from the leg; pointing the toes downward
pectoralis
either of two muscles of each side of the upper and anterior part of the thorax
pronation
rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned downward or backward; palms down
quadriceps
noun. greater extensor muscle of the front of the thigh that is divided into four parts
rectus femoris
noun. division of the quadriceps muscle lying in the anterior middle region of the thigh
rotator cuff
noun. supporting and strengthening structure of the shoulder joint that is made up of part of its capsule blended with tendons of the S.I.T.S. muscles
supraspinatus
muscle that is located above the spinous of the shoulder blade
infraspinatus
muscle that is located below the spine of the scapula
teres minor
intrinsic shoulder muscle that extends from the lateral border of the scapula to the greater tubercle (or tuberosity) of the humerus
subscapularis
muscle located between the shoulder blade and the ribs
rotation
the action of rotating around an axis or center
spinatus
spine like portion of the scapula
sprain
injury of the ligaments of a joint caused by wrenching or twisting
sternocleidomastoid
muscle that attaches to the sternum, clavicle and the mastoid process
subscapularis
muscle located between the ribs and the shoulder blade
supination
rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward
tendinitis (tendonitis)
noun. inflammation of a tendon
tenodynia
painful tendon
trapezius
noun. large flat triangular superficial muscle of each side of the upper back
triceps
muscle that arises from three heads. large extensor muscle along the back of the upper arm
vastus muscles
large muscles in the quadriceps group. located in the anterior portion of the thigh.
myasthenia gravis
serious, generalized muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue without atrophy
myasthenia
muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue
myorrhaphy
suture of muscle tissue or a muscle wound
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia, located on the sole of the foot
polymyositis
chronic, progressive inflammation of skeletal muscles with muscle weakness and atrophy
range-of-motion testing (ROM)
manipulation of a joint to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE)
commonly used first aid treatment for muscular injuries; rest and ice ease pain; compression and elevation help minimize swelling
rhabdomyolysis
hereditary or acquired condition characterized by the destruction of skeletal muscle fibers and the release of muscle cell contents into the bloodstream
rhabdomyosarcoma
highly malignant neoplasm or tumor of the skeletal muscle
rotation
moving or turning on an axis or pivot point
tenomyoplasty
surgical repair of muscles and tendons
tenorrhaphy
suturing of a tendon
tenosynovectomy
surgical removal of a tendon sheath
tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon sheath
torticollis
shortening of the muscles on one side of the neck; wryneck
werdnig-hoffman disease
genetic disorder characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; also known as familial spinal muscle atrophy and floppy infant syndrome
carpal tunnel syndrome
inflammation and swelling of the tendons and median nerve that pass under the carpal ligament; also called repetitive stress syndrome or disease
charcot-marie-tooth disease
hereditary condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles of the lower leg, specifically those associated with the fibula
dermatomyositis
connective tissue disease characterized by the destruction of muscle tissue and puritic inflammation of the skin
electromyography (EMG)
process of recording muscle contraction when receiving electrical stimulation
fasciotomy
surgical incision and division into a fascia
ganglion cyst
noncancerous lump filled with a jellylike fluid; commonly develops along the tendons or joints of the hands; may also occur in the ankles or feet
ganglionectomy
excision of a ganglion
leiomyofibroma
benign tumor of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue
muscular dystrophy (MD)
progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fiber; genetically inherited
