Ch 2 Flashcards
abdomin/o; lapar/o; ceil/o
abdomen
adip/o; lip/o
fat; fatty
anter/o
front
caud/o
lower part of the body; tail
cephal/o
head
chondr/o
cartilage
crani/o
skull
cyt/o
cell
dors/o
back
gastr/o
stomach
hist/o
tissue
inguin/o
groin
later/o
side; away from the midline
lumb/o
loin; lower back
medi/o
middle
nucle/o
nucleus
pelv/i
pelvis
poster/o
back
proxim/o
near
spin/o
spine
thorac/o
chest
umbilic/o
navel
ventr/o
front side; belly
viscer/o
internal organs
cytology
the study of cells
cell membrane
cell’s outer covering
cytoplasm
gel-like substance within a cell
nucleus
controls cellular functions
Chromosomes
threadlike strands in the cell nucleus that contain DNA and genetic material; control growth, repair, and reproduction functions of the body.
connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous
Four main types of body tissue
histology
the study of tissue
connective tissue
to connect or support other body tissue or structures
adipose
fat
liquid
blood; lymph
fibrous
tendons; ligaments
cartilage
nose; ears; type of connective tissue
solid
bone
epithelial tissue
provides a covering for body organs
Endocardium
lining of the heart
skeletal muscle tissue
attached to bone; moves the skeleton; voluntary muscle
smooth muscle tissue
located in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and intestines; produces movement in those organs; involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle tissue
make sup the muscular layer of the heart; involuntary muscle
integumentary
skin; hair; nails; glands
skeletal
bones
muscular
muscles; cartilage; ligaments; tendons
cardiovascular
heart; arteries; veins
blood/lymph
blood; lymph; lymph glands
respiratory
lungs; trachea; bronchi
digestive
mouth; throat; esophagus; stomach; small and large intestines; liver; gallbladder; and pancreas
urinary
kidneys; ureters; bladder; urethra
endocrine
glands that secrete hormones
male reproductive
testes; vas deferens; penis; accessory organs
female reproductive
ovaries; uterus; vagina; fallopian tubes; accessory organs
nervous
nerves; brain; spinal cord
sensory
eyes; ears
dorsal
pertaining to the back
cranial
pertaining to the skull
spinal
pertaining to the spine
dorsal cavities
cranial and spinal
ventral
pertaining to the belly side or the front of the body
Anterior
Pertaining to the front of the body
Ventral cavity
thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, diaphragm
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
thoracic cavity
heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, lungs
abdominal cavity or abdominopelvic cavity
liver, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, and pancreas
abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
pelvic cavity
urinary bladder, reproductive organs
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
diaphragm
Muscle that helps us breathe, separates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
hypochondriac
pertaining to the region below the cartilage of the ribs
epigastric
pertaining to above the stomach
lumbar
pertaining to the lower back, or side & back between the ribs & the pelvis
umbilical
pertaining to the navel or unbilicus
Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin
Iliac
pertaining to the ilium
hypogastric
pertaining to below the stomach
right hypochondriac region
located beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs in the upper right section of the abdomen
Epigastric region
Located above the stomach and navel, between the right and left hypochondriac regions
Left hypochondriac region
Located beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs in the upper left section of the abdomen
Right lumbar region
Located in the mid portion of the abdomen directly below the right hypochondriac region
Umbilical region
Located in the midsection of the abdomen at the level of the umbilicus or navel
Left lumbar region
Located in the mid portion of the abdomen directly below the left hypochondriac region
Right inguinal/iliac region
Located in the lower right portion of the abdomen, directly below the right lumbar region
Hypogastric region
Located in the lower midsection of the abdomen, directly below the umbilical region
Left inguinal/iliac region
Located in the lower left portion of the abdomen, directly below the left lumbar region
Body quadrants
four imaginary sections of the abdomen. name based on relationship to the navel or umbilicus
RUQ
right upper quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
RLQ
right lower quadrant. below and to the right of the umbilicus
LLQ
left lower quadrant. below and to the left of the umbilicus
planes of the body
frontal or coronal
transverse or cross sectional
sagittal
midsagittal plane
divides the body, starting with the head and continuing through the pelvic region, into equal right and left halves or sides
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into right and left portions or segments
Transverse plane
Divides the body into upper and lower portions or segments; also called the horizontal plane
Frontal plane
Divides the body, Starting with the head and continuing through the legs and feet, into front and back portions or segments; also called the coronal plane
anatomical position
the body is viewed as erect, with the arms at the sides, palms of the hands facing forward, and the head and feet also facing forward
caud/o, infer/o
downwards and toward to tail
dist/o
away from
proxim/o
near
poster/o
back or behind
later/o
toward the side
medi/o
toward the middle
-ad
toward
anterior
toward the front; pertaining to the front
anteroposterior
from the front to the back; pertaining to the front and the back
caudal
pertaining to the tail; downward
cephalad
toward the head; pertaining to the head
cranial
toward the head; pertaining to the head
deep
away from the surface
distal
away from the trunk of the body; farthest from the point of origin of a body part
dorsal
toward the back; pertaining to the back
inferior
below; downward toward the tail or feet
lateral
to the side; away from the midline of the body
medial
toward the midline of the body; pertaining to the middle
posterior
toward the back; pertaining to the back of the body
posteroanterior
from the back to the front; pertaining to the back and front
prone
face down; lying on the abdomen
proximal
toward the trunk of the body; nearest to the point of origin of a body part
superficial
near the surface; pertaining to the surface
superior
above; upward; toward the head
supine
face up; lying on the back
ventral
toward the front; pertaining to the front side
cardiac muscle
involuntary heart muscle characterized by branching fibers
