Ch 9 Digestive Flashcards
alimentary tract + accessory organs
Digestive System
providing nutrition for the body
alimentation
system that provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals
digestive system
-ation
process or action
4 activities of the digestive system
ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
oral intake of substances into the body
ingestion
mechanical and chemical conversion of food into substances that an eventually be absorbed by cells
digestion
process in which the digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries
absorption
removal of undigested food particles
elimination
lact/o
milk
-ose
sugar
-ase
enzyme
amyl/o
starch
prote/o, protein/o
protein
lip/o
fat
breaks down lactose
lactase
breaks down starch
amylase
breaks down protein
protease, proteinase
breaks down lipids
lipase
bil/i, chol/e
bile
cirrh/o
orange-yellow
de-
down, from, reversing, or removing
glycos/o
sugar
-orexia
appetite
-pepsia
digestion
vag/o
vagus nerve
viscer/o
viscera
what begins at the mouth and ends at the anus?
digestive tract
pertaining to the intestine
intestinal
refers to the stomach and the intestines
gastrointestinal
gastr/o
stomach
intestin/o
intestines
-al
pertaining to
UGI (upper GI tract)
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach
LGI (lower GI tract)
small and large intestines
cheil/o
lips
dent/i, dent/o, odont/o
teeth
gingiv/o
gums
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
or/o, stomat/o
mouth
esophag/o
esophagus
duoden/o
duodenum
jejun/o
jejunum
ile/o
ileum
col/o, colon/o
colon or large intestine
append/o, appendic/o
appendix
cec/o
cecum
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
proct/o
anus or rectum
rect/o
rectum
an/o
anus
diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp, tooth root, and surrounding tissues and the practice of root canal therapy
endodontics
diagnosis and treatment of problems with tooth alignment and associated facial problems
orthodontics
devoted to the care of children’s teeth and mouth; pediatric dentistry
pedodontics
study and treatment of the periodontium; the tissue that supports the teeth and keeps them firmly anchored
periodontics
mandibul/o
mandible
accessory organs to the digestive system
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands `
salivary glands
paired parotid, sublingual, submandibular
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
choledoch/o
common bile duct
hepat/o
liver
pancreat/o
pancreas
sial/o
salivary gland
pertaining to bile
biliary
pathway for bile flow from the liver to the bile duct and into the duodenum
biliary tract
presence of stones in the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
stones lodge in the common bile duct
choledocholithisasis
presence of a pancreatic stone
pancreatolithiasis
angi/o
vessel
endoscopic test that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography)
procedure where salivary ducts can be studied by injecting radiopaque substances into ducts
sialography
visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
examination of the esophagus
esophagoscopy
examination of the stomach
gastroscopy
proct/o
anus or rectum
resistance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas
Diabetes mellitus
excessive hunger and uncontrolled eating
polyphagia
excessive urination
polyuria
excessive thirst
polydipsia
-uria
urination
-dipsia
thirst
-emesis
vomiting
excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
emaciation
loss of appetite for food
anorexia
disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat that results in emaciation, often associated with psychologic stress or conflict
anorexia nervosa
characterized by episodes of binge eating that often terminate in self-induced vomiting
bulimia
-orexia
appetite
excessive gas in the stomach and intestinal tract that leads to bloating
flatulence
complex of symptoms that include anorexia, weight loss, flatulence, muscle cramps, and bone pain
malabsorption syndrome
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae
jaundice
ulcers, chiefly of the mouth and lips
canker sores
inflammation of the lip
cheilitis
inflammation of the gums
gingivitis
inflammation of the tongue
glossitis
inflammation of the mouth
stomatitis
inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
complex of enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus that are susceptible to hemorrhage
esophageal varices
inflammation of the esophagus
esophagitis
condition resulting from a backflow of the stomach contents into the esophagus
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
herniation of the stomach
gastrocele
inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal tract
gastroenteritis
excessive amount of acid in the stomach
hyperacidity
lesion of the mucous membrane, accompanied by the sloughing of dead tissue
ulcer
bleeding of the upper digestive structures, sometimes evidenced by blood in the vomit
upper GI bleeding
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
appendicitis
inflammation of the colon
colitis
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon
dysentery
stoppage or delay in the passage of food through the intestine
enterostasis
masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended and lie just inside or outside the rectum
hemorrhoids
abnormally increased motility of the small and large intestines of unknown origin
IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)bl
bleeding of the lower digestive structures
lower GI bleeding
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
formation or presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
cholelithiasis
stoppage of bile excretion
cholestasis
chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells
cirrhosis
inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
appetite-suppressing drug
anorexiant
strong medications used to promote full evacuation of the bowel
purgatives, cathartics
-triptor
instrument used for crushing
lapar/o
abdominal wall
removal of the vermiform appendix
appendectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon and drawing it out to the surface
colostomy
surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
gastrectomy
joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate
anastomosis
surgical creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall; allows the insertion of a synthetic feeding tube
gastrostomy
removal of hemorrhoids by any of several means, including surgery
hemorrhoidectomy
creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
ileostomy
examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall
laparoscopy
removal of tissue from the liver for pathologic examination
liver biopsy
removal of liver tissue by using a needle to puncture the skin overlying the liver
percutaneous liver biopsy (closed)
excision of a pancreatic stone
pancreatolithectomy
resection of portions of the vagus nerve near the stomach; performed to decrease the amount of gastric juices by severing the nerve that controls their release
vagotomy
