Ch 6 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
provides protection, support, and movement for the body
musculoskeletal system
important to hematopoiesis
bones (store mineral salts)
hemat/o
blood
-poiesis
production
muscul/o
muscle
function in formation of blood cells, storage of fat in the bone marrow and storage and release of minerals
bones
branch of medicine involved in prevention and correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system
orthopedics
orth/o
straight
ped/o
child
-ic
pertaining to
soft tissue that fills the cavities of the bone
bone marrow
functions in the formation of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
red marrow
major divisions of the skeleton (forms the vertical axis)
skull, spinal column, breastbone, ribs
crani/o
cranium, skull
cost/o
costa, rib
stern/o
sternum, breastbone
rachi/o, spin/o
spine, backbone
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
vertebrae, spinal bones
cervic/o
cervical
thorac/o
thoracic
lumb/o
lumbar
sacr/o
sacrum
coccyg/o
coccyx, tail bone
clavicul/o
clavicle, collarbone
scapul/o
scapula, shoulder blade
humer/o
humerus, upper arm bone
radi/o
radius
uln/o
ulna
carp/o
carpals
metacarp/o
metacarpals
phalang/o
phalanges
pelv/i
pelvis
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium
pub/o
pubis
femor/o
femur, thigh bone
patell/o
patella, kneecap
fibul/o
fibula
tibi/o
tibia
tars/o
tarsals
calcane/o
calcaneus, heel bone
metatars/o
metatarsals
calc/i
calcium
process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by deposits of calcium
calcification
spin/o, rach/i, rachi/o
spine
-dynia
painful
-algia
painful
immovable fibrous joints between many of the cranial bones
sutures
parietal, occipital, temporal, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid
cranial bones
maxilla, mandible
facial bones
cervical vertebrae
C1-C7
thoracic vertebrae
T1-T12
lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5
sacrum
5 sacral vertebraec
coccyx
4 coccygeal vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs
7 upper = true 5 below= false (last 2 pairs of false ribs are also called floating ribs)
radi/o
radiant energy
-graph
instrument used for recording
pub/o
pubis
meta-
change in the next series
ankyl/o
stiff
arthr/o
articulation, joint
-asthenia
weakness
burs/o
bursa
cellul/o
little cell or compartment
chondr/o
cartilage
de-
down, from, or reversing
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
3 main types of muscle tissue
cardiac, smooth, skeletal
viscer/o
viscera
fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles
fascia
bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach muscles to bones
tendons
pector/o
chest
bi-
two
brachi/o
arm
radi/o
radius
abdomin/o
abdomen
ili/o
ilium
femor/o
femur
tibi/o
tibia
place of union between 2 or more bones
articulation, joint
joints that have cavities between articulating bones
synovial joints
sacs of fluid located in areas of friction
bursae
4 common types of joint motion
extension, flexion, rotation, circumduction
maximum amount of movement that a healthy join is capable of
ROM (range of motion)
strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage and serve to support and strengthen joints
ligaments
widespread nonarticular pain of the torso, extremeties and face
fibromyalgia
tissue replace by fibrous tissue
myofibrosis
fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from defect in the conduction of nerve impulses
myasthenia gravis
non-
not
-ar
pertaining to
displacement of a bone from a joint
dislocation
breaking of a bone
fracture (fx)
broken bone but does not puncture the skin surface
simple fracture
broken bone but goes through the skin
compound fracture
injury to joint that causes pain and disability
sprain
excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive forcible stretch
strain
condition in which muscle protrudes through its fascial covering
myocele aka fascial hernia
paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs
paraplegia
paralysis of the arms and legs
quadriplegia or tetraplegia
motor weakness or partial paralysis
paresis
partial paralysis of the lower limbs
paraparesis
acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subq tissues
cellulitis
acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subq tissues but also involves the muscle
myocellulitis
inflammation of a bone
osteoitis
infection of the bone and bone marrow
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and cartilage and tends to attack the bone-forming centers of the skeleton
osteochondritis
originating in the bone
primary
originating in other tissue and metastasizing to the bone
secondary
cancers that arise from connective tissue
sarcomas
chronic or acute diseases of the blood-formin tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors
leukemias
-sarcoma
malignant tumor
important in blood production and is involved in some types of leukemia
bone marrow
disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow; usually progressive and generally fatal
multiple myeloma
skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation; results in the thickening and softening of bones in the bowing of the long bones
Osteitis deformans (Paget disease)
reversible skeletal disorder characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone; most common cause if Vitamin D deficiency
osteomalacia
softening of the vertebrae
spondylomalacia
metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures
osteoporosis
-porosis
thinning of bone
congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of the spine
spina bifida
lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back
kyphosis aka humpback or hunchback
group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle w/o involvement of the nervous system and progressive disability and loss of strength
muscular dystrophy
hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull
craniocele
characterized by the flattening out of the arch of the foot
tarsoptosis aka flatfoot
inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness and limitation of movement
arthritis
form of arthritis in which one of many joints undergo degenerative changes particularly loss of articular cartilage
osteoarthritis aka DJD
chronic, systemic disease that results in joint deformities
RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
rheumat/o
rheumatism
inflammation of a vertebrae
spondylarthritis
inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse
Rheumatoid spondylitis
abnormal condition in which a joint is immobile and stiff
ankylosis
inflammation of more than one joint
polyarthritis
inflammation of a bursa
bursitis
autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue; characterized by a butterfly rash that appears across the bridge of the nose
lupus erythematosis
painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis
gout
uric
uric acid
direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiberoptic endoscope
arthroscopy
pulling broken fragments into alignment
reduction
use of a pulling force to a part of the body to produce alignment and rest while decreasing muscle spasm and correcting or preventing deformity
traction
fracture restored to normal w/o surgical manipulation
closed reduction
fx exposed by surgery
open reduction
esthesi/o
feeling
suppress
to inhibit
