Ch 13 Nervous + Psych Disorders

Question 1

nervous system functions

Answer 1

stores and processes info, stimulates movement, and detects change

Question 2

pertains to function

Answer 2

physiologic

Question 3

pertains to mind

Answer 3

psychologic

Question 4

physi/o

Answer 4

nature

Question 5

receptors that detect changes that occur in the outside environment and other receptors monitor changes within the body

Answer 5

sensory or afferent receptors

Question 6

signals from the brain to muscles and glands to cause an effect

Answer 6

motor or efferent signals

Question 7

conscious or voluntary control

Answer 7

somatic nervous system

Question 8

involuntary or automatic body functions

Answer 8

autonomic nervous system

Question 9

aut/o

Answer 9

self

Question 10

CNS (central nervous system) includes

Answer 10

brain and spinal cord + somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 11

PNS (peripheral nervous system) includes

Answer 11

cranial and spinal nerves (afferent and efferent nerves)

Question 12

2 types of cells comprising the nervous system

Answer 12

neurons and glial cells

Question 13

cells that conduct impulses either to or from the nervous system

Answer 13

neurons

Question 14

transmit impulses to the cell body

Answer 14

dendrites

Question 15

carries impulses away from the cell body

Answer 15

axon

Question 16

white fatty covering the axon

Answer 16

myelin sheath

Question 17

outermost layer of the axon

Answer 17

neurilemma

Question 18

neur/o

Answer 18

nerve

Question 19

muscul/o

Answer 19

muscle

Question 20

myel/o

Answer 20

spinal cord

Question 21

cells that provide special support and protection

Answer 21

glial/neuroglia

Question 22

cerebell/o

Answer 22

cerebellum

Question 23

cerebr/o, encephal/o

Answer 23

brain

Question 24

cervic/o

Answer 24

neck

Question 25

coccyg/o

Answer 25

coccyx

Question 26

crani/o

Answer 26

cranium

Question 27

dendr/o

Answer 27

tree

Question 28

dur/o

Answer 28

dura mater

Question 29

gli/o

Answer 29

neuroglia or a sticky substance

Question 30

lumb/o

Answer 30

lower back

Question 31

mening/o

Answer 31

meninges

Question 32

ment/o, psych/o

Answer 32

mind

Question 33

myel/o

Answer 33

bone marrow or spinal cord

Question 34

nerv/o, neur/o

Answer 34

nerve

Question 35

phren/o

Answer 35

mind or diaphragm

Question 36

physi/o

Answer 36

nature

Question 37

sacr/o

Answer 37

sacrum

Question 38

spin/o

Answer 38

spine

Question 39

thorac/o

Answer 39

thorax

Question 40

additional protection for brain and spinal cord

Answer 40

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 41

blood-brain barrier

Answer 41

prevents or slows passage of chemical compounds, toxins, pathogens, microorganisms,s, and some drugs

Question 42

principal structures of the brain

Answer 42

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem,

Question 43

diencephalon includes which two structures of the brain

Answer 43

thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 44

brainstem includes which 3 structures

Answer 44

midbrain, pons, medulla oblangata

Question 45

which lobes are associated with personality, behavior, emotion, and intellectual functions

Answer 45

frontal lobes

Question 46

which lobes are associated with hearing, smell

Answer 46

temporal lobes

Question 47

associated with vision

Answer 47

occipital lobes

Question 48

associated with language and general function of sensation

Answer 48

parietal lobes

Question 49

special sense organs

Answer 49

eyes, ears, skin, mouth, nose

Question 50

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 50

31 pairs: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

Question 51

largest nerve in the body

Answer 51

sciatic nerve

Question 52

first indication of a decline in CNS function

Answer 52

change in LOC

Question 53

recording and analysis of the electrical activity of the brain

Answer 53

electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 54

helpful in diagnosing brain tumors or head injuries

Answer 54

CT

Question 55

blood accumulates in the epidural space, the space outside the dura mater

Answer 55

epidural hematoma

Question 56

accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater

Answer 56

subdural hematoma

Question 57

bleeding within the brain

Answer 57

intracerebral hematoma

Question 58

vascul/o

Answer 58

vessel

Question 59

normal blood supply to the brain is disrupted; results in insufficient oxygen to the brain tissue and is caused by hemorrhage, occlusion, or constriction of the blood vessels; paralysis, weakness, speech defect, and other complications, as well as death, may occur

Answer 59

CVA, cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Question 60

caused by a brief interruption in cerebral blood flow; symptoms often include disturbance of normal vision, dizziness, weakness, and numbness

Answer 60

TIA, transient ischemic attack

Question 61

accumulation of fluid in the skull

Answer 61

hydrocephalus

Question 62

localized dilation of the wall of a cerebral artery

Answer 62

cerebral aneurysm

Question 63

excessive hyperflexion, hyperextension, vertical compressions are all examples of what

Answer 63

spinal injuries

Question 64

complete of partial loss of muscle movement

Answer 64

akinesia

Question 65

partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness; results from disease, injury, or administration of an anesthetic

Answer 65

anesthesia

Question 66

inability or refusal to swallow; characterized by abstention from eating because swallowing is painful

Answer 66

aphagia

Question 67

abnormal neurological condition in which there is absence or impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs

Answer 67

aphasia

Question 68

abnormal slowness of movement or sluggishness of mental and physical processes

Answer 68

bradykinesia

Question 69

neoplasm of the intracranial portion of the CNS; may be primary or secondary

Answer 69

brain tumor

Question 70

headache; cephalgia

Answer 70

cephalalgia

Question 71

loss of consciousness, either temporary or prolonged, as a result of a blow to the head

Answer 71

cerebral concussion

Question 72

bruising of brain tissue as a result of head injury

Answer 72

cerebral contusion

Question 73

result of the rupture of a sclerosed, diseased, or injured blood vessel in the brain

Answer 73

cerebral hemorrhage

Question 74

a brain disorder characterized by paralysis and lack of muscle coordination; it results from developmental defects in the brain or trauma at birth

Answer 74

cerebral palsy

Question 75

state of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused, even by powerful stimulation

Answer 75

coma

Question 76

paralysis affecting like parts on both sides of the body

Answer 76

diplegia

Question 77

inability to read, spell, and write words despite the ability to see and recognize letters

Answer 77

dyslexia

Question 78

difficulty in swallowing, usually associated with obstruction or other disorder of the esophagus

Answer 78

dysphagia

Question 79

speech impairment caused by a lesion in the brain; characterized by lack of coordination and failure to arrange words properly

Answer 79

dysphasia

Question 80

preparation, study, and interpretation of an electromyogram, a graphic record of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation

Answer 80

electromyography

Question 81

inflammation of the brain

Answer 81

encephalitis

Question 82

hernial protrusion of brain substance through a congenital or traumatic opening of the skull; craniocele

Answer 82

encephalocele

Question 83

softening of the brain

Answer 83

encephalomalacia

Question 84

inflammation of the brain and meninges

Answer 84

encephalomeningitis

Question 85

any disease of the brain

Answer 85

encephalopathy

Question 86

group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, loss of consciousness, or all of these.

Answer 86

epilepsy

Question 87

paralysis of one side of the body

Answer 87

hemiplegia

Question 88

paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body

Answer 88

paraplegia

Question 89

paralysis of all 4 extremities

Answer 89

quadriplegia

Question 90

abnormally increased activity or motor function

Answer 90

hyperkinesia

Question 91

inflammation of the meninges

Answer 91

meningitis

Question 92

herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or vertebral column

Answer 92

meningocele

Question 93

chronic CNS disease with progressive destruction of the myelin sheaths of the neurons; resulting scar tissue interferes with the normal transmission of nerve impulse

Answer 93

multiple sclerosis

Question 94

disease characterized by muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue

Answer 94

myasthenia gravis

Question 95

inflammation of the bone marrow or spinal cord

Answer 95

myelitis

Question 96

radiographic examination of the spinal cord by injection of a radiopaque medium

Answer 96

myelography

Question 97

chronic ailment involving sudden attacks of sleep that occur at intervals

Answer 97

narcolepsy

Question 98

pain along the course of a nerve

Answer 98

neuralgia

Question 99

inflammation of a nerve

Answer 99

neuritis

Question 100

any disease of the nerves

Answer 100

neuropathy

Question 101

a chronic nervous disease characterized by a fine, slowly spreading tremor, muscular weakness, rigidity, and often a peculiar gait

Answer 101

Parkinson disease

Question 102

any functional or organic disorder of the PNS

Answer 102

peripheral neuropathy

Question 103

acute, infection eruption of vesicles, usually on the trunk of the body along a peripheral nerve

Answer 103

shingles

Question 104

pertaining to the mind-body relationship or having physical symptoms of emotional origin

Answer 104

psychosomatic

Question 105

arachn/o

Answer 105

spider

Question 106

agora-

Answer 106

open marketplace

Question 107

pseud/o

Answer 107

false

Question 108

zo/o

Answer 108

animal

Question 109

-asthenia

Answer 109

weakness

Question 110

-esthesia

Answer 110

sensation, perception

Question 111

-lexia

Answer 111

words, phrases

Question 112

-orexia

Answer 112

appetite

Question 113

examples of observable pathologic conditions

Answer 113

neurodevelopmental disorders, dementia, Alzheimer disease

Question 114

impairments of growth and development of the brain or CNS

Answer 114

neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 115

progressive mental disorder characterized by chronic personality disintegration, confusion, disorientation, and deterioration of intellectual capacity and function

Answer 115

dementia

Question 116

characterized by progressive mental deterioration, often with confusion, disorientation, restlessness, speech disturbances, and inability to carry out purposeful movement

Answer 116

Alzheimer disease

Question 117

characterized by withdrawal and impaired developmental in social interaction and communication

Answer 117

autism

Question 118

characterized by short attention span, poor concentration and in ADHD, hyperactivity

Answer 118

ADD/ADHD

Question 119

characterized by anticipation of impending danger and dread, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized

Answer 119

anxiety disorders

Question 120

response involving both the mind and physical body

Answer 120

psychobiological response

Question 121

characterized by an acute emotional response after a traumatic event or situation involving severe environmental stress

Answer 121

PTSD

Question 122

episode of acute anxiety that occurs unpredictably with feelings of intense apprehension or terror, accompanied by dyspnea, dizziness, sweating, trembling, and chest pain

Answer 122

panic attack

Question 123

altered state of consciousness or confusion of identity; symptoms may include amnesia; usually caused by severe emotional trauma

Answer 123

dissociative disorder

Question 124

anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts, ideas, feelings, or compulsions sufficiently severe to cause distress, consume considerable time, or interfere with the person’s occupational, and social. or interpersonal function

Answer 124

OCD

Question 125

persistent thought or idea that occupies the mind and cannot be erased by logic or reasoning

Answer 125

obsession

Question 126

irresistible, repetitive impulse to act contrary to one’s ordinary standards

Answer 126

compulsion

Question 127

obsessive, irrational, and intense fears of an object, an activity, or a physical situation

Answer 127

phobias

Question 128

abnormal fear of public places

Answer 128

agoraphobia

Question 129

abnormal fear of animals

Answer 129

zoophobia

Question 130

abnormal fear of acquiring a phobia

Answer 130

phobophobia

Question 131

morbid fear of spiders

Answer 131

arachnophobia

Question 132

irrational fear of heights

Answer 132

acrophobia

Question 133

morbid fear of closed spaces

Answer 133

claustrophobia

Question 134

abnormal fear of fire

Answer 134

pyrophobia

Question 135

acro-

Answer 135

extremity (heights)

Question 136

eating disorder primarily seen in adolescent girls and usually associated with emotional stress or conflict, such as anxiety, irritation, anger, and fear; characterized by prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in wasting, emotional disturbance concerning body image, and fear of becoming obese

Answer 136

anorexia nervosa

Question 137

characterized by an insatiable desire for food, often resulting in episodes of continuous eating, followed by purging and depression

Answer 137

bulimia

Question 138

variety of conditions characterized by a disturbance in mood as the main feature

Answer 138

mood disorder

Question 139

examples of mood disorders

Answer 139

depression, mania, bipolar disorder

Question 140

abnormal emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, emptiness, and hopelessness

Answer 140

depression

Question 141

unstable emotional state that includes excessive excitement, elation, ideas, and psychomotor activities

Answer 141

mania

Question 142

abnormal mental state in which one believes oneself to be a person of great importance, power, fame, or wealth

Answer 142

megalomania

Question 143

major mental disorder characterized by the occurrence of manic episodes, major depressive episodes, or mixed moods

Answer 143

bipolar disorder

Question 144

excessive preoccupation with fire

Answer 144

pyromania

Question 145

characterized by an abnormal, uncontrollable, and recurrent urge to steal

Answer 145

kleptomania

Question 146

caused at least in part by psychological factors; sexual dysfunction; sexual perversion/paraphilia

Answer 146

sexual disorders

Question 147

any group of disorders characterized by symptoms suggesting physical illness of disease, for which there are no demonstratable organic causes or physiologic dysfunctions

Answer 147

somatoform disorders

Question 148

somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder (IAD)

Answer 148

hypochondriasis

Question 149

nervous disorder characterized by weakness and sometimes nervous exhaustion; often associated with a depressed state and is believed by some to be psychosomatic

Answer 149

neurasthenia

Question 150

emotional states that influence the physical body’s functioning

Answer 150

psychosomatic disorders

Question 151

false or pretended mental disorder

Answer 151

pseudomania

Question 152

any major mental disorder characterized by a gross impairment in reality testing in which the individual incorrectly evaluates the accuracy of thoughts or perceptions and makes incorrect inferences, even in the face of contrary evidence

Answer 152

psychosis

Question 153

characterized by gross distortion of reality, hallucinations, disturbances of language and communication, and disorganized or catatonic behavior

Answer 153

schizophrenia

Question 154

acting against the rights of others

Answer 154

antisocial behavior

Question 155

characterized by persistent delusions of persecution, mistrust, and combativeness

Answer 155

paranoia