Ch 13 Nervous + Psych Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
nervous system functions
A
stores and processes info, stimulates movement, and detects change
2
Q
pertains to function
A
physiologic
3
Q
pertains to mind
A
psychologic
4
Q
physi/o
A
nature
5
Q
receptors that detect changes that occur in the outside environment and other receptors monitor changes within the body
A
sensory or afferent receptors
6
Q
signals from the brain to muscles and glands to cause an effect
A
motor or efferent signals
7
Q
conscious or voluntary control
A
somatic nervous system
8
Q
involuntary or automatic body functions
A
autonomic nervous system
9
Q
aut/o
A
self
10
Q
CNS (central nervous system) includes
A
brain and spinal cord + somatic and autonomic nervous system
11
Q
PNS (peripheral nervous system) includes
A
cranial and spinal nerves (afferent and efferent nerves)
12
Q
2 types of cells comprising the nervous system
A
neurons and glial cells
13
Q
cells that conduct impulses either to or from the nervous system
A
neurons
14
Q
transmit impulses to the cell body
A
dendrites
15
Q
carries impulses away from the cell body
A
axon
16
Q
white fatty covering the axon
A
myelin sheath
17
Q
outermost layer of the axon
A
neurilemma
18
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
19
Q
muscul/o
A
muscle
20
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord
21
Q
cells that provide special support and protection
A
glial/neuroglia
22
Q
cerebell/o
A
cerebellum
23
Q
cerebr/o, encephal/o
A
brain
24
Q
cervic/o
A
neck
25
coccyg/o
coccyx
26
crani/o
cranium
27
dendr/o
tree
28
dur/o
dura mater
29
gli/o
neuroglia or a sticky substance
30
lumb/o
lower back
31
mening/o
meninges
32
ment/o, psych/o
mind
33
myel/o
bone marrow or spinal cord
34
nerv/o, neur/o
nerve
35
phren/o
mind or diaphragm
36
physi/o
nature
37
sacr/o
sacrum
38
spin/o
spine
39
thorac/o
thorax
40
additional protection for brain and spinal cord
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
41
blood-brain barrier
prevents or slows passage of chemical compounds, toxins, pathogens, microorganisms,s, and some drugs
42
principal structures of the brain
cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem,
43
diencephalon includes which two structures of the brain
thalamus, hypothalamus
44
brainstem includes which 3 structures
midbrain, pons, medulla oblangata
45
which lobes are associated with personality, behavior, emotion, and intellectual functions
frontal lobes
46
which lobes are associated with hearing, smell
temporal lobes
47
associated with vision
occipital lobes
48
associated with language and general function of sensation
parietal lobes
49
special sense organs
eyes, ears, skin, mouth, nose
50
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31 pairs: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
51
largest nerve in the body
sciatic nerve
52
first indication of a decline in CNS function
change in LOC
53
recording and analysis of the electrical activity of the brain
electroencephalography (EEG)
54
helpful in diagnosing brain tumors or head injuries
CT
55
blood accumulates in the epidural space, the space outside the dura mater
epidural hematoma
56
accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater
subdural hematoma
57
bleeding within the brain
intracerebral hematoma
58
vascul/o
vessel
59
normal blood supply to the brain is disrupted; results in insufficient oxygen to the brain tissue and is caused by hemorrhage, occlusion, or constriction of the blood vessels; paralysis, weakness, speech defect, and other complications, as well as death, may occur
CVA, cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
60
caused by a brief interruption in cerebral blood flow; symptoms often include disturbance of normal vision, dizziness, weakness, and numbness
TIA, transient ischemic attack
61
accumulation of fluid in the skull
hydrocephalus
62
localized dilation of the wall of a cerebral artery
cerebral aneurysm
63
excessive hyperflexion, hyperextension, vertical compressions are all examples of what
spinal injuries
64
complete of partial loss of muscle movement
akinesia
65
partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness; results from disease, injury, or administration of an anesthetic
anesthesia
66
inability or refusal to swallow; characterized by abstention from eating because swallowing is painful
aphagia
67
abnormal neurological condition in which there is absence or impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs
aphasia
68
abnormal slowness of movement or sluggishness of mental and physical processes
bradykinesia
69
neoplasm of the intracranial portion of the CNS; may be primary or secondary
brain tumor
70
headache; cephalgia
cephalalgia
71
loss of consciousness, either temporary or prolonged, as a result of a blow to the head
cerebral concussion
72
bruising of brain tissue as a result of head injury
cerebral contusion
73
result of the rupture of a sclerosed, diseased, or injured blood vessel in the brain
cerebral hemorrhage
74
a brain disorder characterized by paralysis and lack of muscle coordination; it results from developmental defects in the brain or trauma at birth
cerebral palsy
75
state of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused, even by powerful stimulation
coma
76
paralysis affecting like parts on both sides of the body
diplegia
77
inability to read, spell, and write words despite the ability to see and recognize letters
dyslexia
78
difficulty in swallowing, usually associated with obstruction or other disorder of the esophagus
dysphagia
79
speech impairment caused by a lesion in the brain; characterized by lack of coordination and failure to arrange words properly
dysphasia
80
preparation, study, and interpretation of an electromyogram, a graphic record of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation
electromyography
81
inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
82
hernial protrusion of brain substance through a congenital or traumatic opening of the skull; craniocele
encephalocele
83
softening of the brain
encephalomalacia
84
inflammation of the brain and meninges
encephalomeningitis
85
any disease of the brain
encephalopathy
86
group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, loss of consciousness, or all of these.
epilepsy
87
paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegia
88
paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body
paraplegia
89
paralysis of all 4 extremities
quadriplegia
90
abnormally increased activity or motor function
hyperkinesia
91
inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
92
herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or vertebral column
meningocele
93
chronic CNS disease with progressive destruction of the myelin sheaths of the neurons; resulting scar tissue interferes with the normal transmission of nerve impulse
multiple sclerosis
94
disease characterized by muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue
myasthenia gravis
95
inflammation of the bone marrow or spinal cord
myelitis
96
radiographic examination of the spinal cord by injection of a radiopaque medium
myelography
97
chronic ailment involving sudden attacks of sleep that occur at intervals
narcolepsy
98
pain along the course of a nerve
neuralgia
99
inflammation of a nerve
neuritis
100
any disease of the nerves
neuropathy
101
a chronic nervous disease characterized by a fine, slowly spreading tremor, muscular weakness, rigidity, and often a peculiar gait
Parkinson disease
102
any functional or organic disorder of the PNS
peripheral neuropathy
103
acute, infection eruption of vesicles, usually on the trunk of the body along a peripheral nerve
shingles
104
pertaining to the mind-body relationship or having physical symptoms of emotional origin
psychosomatic
105
arachn/o
spider
106
agora-
open marketplace
107
pseud/o
false
108
zo/o
animal
109
-asthenia
weakness
110
-esthesia
sensation, perception
111
-lexia
words, phrases
112
-orexia
appetite
113
examples of observable pathologic conditions
neurodevelopmental disorders, dementia, Alzheimer disease
114
impairments of growth and development of the brain or CNS
neurodevelopmental disorders
115
progressive mental disorder characterized by chronic personality disintegration, confusion, disorientation, and deterioration of intellectual capacity and function
dementia
116
characterized by progressive mental deterioration, often with confusion, disorientation, restlessness, speech disturbances, and inability to carry out purposeful movement
Alzheimer disease
117
characterized by withdrawal and impaired developmental in social interaction and communication
autism
118
characterized by short attention span, poor concentration and in ADHD, hyperactivity
ADD/ADHD
119
characterized by anticipation of impending danger and dread, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized
anxiety disorders
120
response involving both the mind and physical body
psychobiological response
121
characterized by an acute emotional response after a traumatic event or situation involving severe environmental stress
PTSD
122
episode of acute anxiety that occurs unpredictably with feelings of intense apprehension or terror, accompanied by dyspnea, dizziness, sweating, trembling, and chest pain
panic attack
123
altered state of consciousness or confusion of identity; symptoms may include amnesia; usually caused by severe emotional trauma
dissociative disorder
124
anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts, ideas, feelings, or compulsions sufficiently severe to cause distress, consume considerable time, or interfere with the person's occupational, and social. or interpersonal function
OCD
125
persistent thought or idea that occupies the mind and cannot be erased by logic or reasoning
obsession
126
irresistible, repetitive impulse to act contrary to one's ordinary standards
compulsion
127
obsessive, irrational, and intense fears of an object, an activity, or a physical situation
phobias
128
abnormal fear of public places
agoraphobia
129
abnormal fear of animals
zoophobia
130
abnormal fear of acquiring a phobia
phobophobia
131
morbid fear of spiders
arachnophobia
132
irrational fear of heights
acrophobia
133
morbid fear of closed spaces
claustrophobia
134
abnormal fear of fire
pyrophobia
135
acro-
extremity (heights)
136
eating disorder primarily seen in adolescent girls and usually associated with emotional stress or conflict, such as anxiety, irritation, anger, and fear; characterized by prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in wasting, emotional disturbance concerning body image, and fear of becoming obese
anorexia nervosa
137
characterized by an insatiable desire for food, often resulting in episodes of continuous eating, followed by purging and depression
bulimia
138
variety of conditions characterized by a disturbance in mood as the main feature
mood disorder
139
examples of mood disorders
depression, mania, bipolar disorder
140
abnormal emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, emptiness, and hopelessness
depression
141
unstable emotional state that includes excessive excitement, elation, ideas, and psychomotor activities
mania
142
abnormal mental state in which one believes oneself to be a person of great importance, power, fame, or wealth
megalomania
143
major mental disorder characterized by the occurrence of manic episodes, major depressive episodes, or mixed moods
bipolar disorder
144
excessive preoccupation with fire
pyromania
145
characterized by an abnormal, uncontrollable, and recurrent urge to steal
kleptomania
146
caused at least in part by psychological factors; sexual dysfunction; sexual perversion/paraphilia
sexual disorders
147
any group of disorders characterized by symptoms suggesting physical illness of disease, for which there are no demonstratable organic causes or physiologic dysfunctions
somatoform disorders
148
somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder (IAD)
hypochondriasis
149
nervous disorder characterized by weakness and sometimes nervous exhaustion; often associated with a depressed state and is believed by some to be psychosomatic
neurasthenia
150
emotional states that influence the physical body's functioning
psychosomatic disorders
151
false or pretended mental disorder
pseudomania
152
any major mental disorder characterized by a gross impairment in reality testing in which the individual incorrectly evaluates the accuracy of thoughts or perceptions and makes incorrect inferences, even in the face of contrary evidence
psychosis
153
characterized by gross distortion of reality, hallucinations, disturbances of language and communication, and disorganized or catatonic behavior
schizophrenia
154
acting against the rights of others
antisocial behavior
155
characterized by persistent delusions of persecution, mistrust, and combativeness
paranoia
