Ch 10 Urinary System Flashcards by Jessica Fabia

excretion

eliminating waste

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functions of the kidneys

maintenance of appropriate blood volume by varying the excretion of water in the urine, maintenance of the chemical composition of blood by selecting certain chemicals to excrete, maintenance of blood pH, excretion of waste products of protein metabolism, regulation of blood pressure, stimulation of erythrocyte production by secretion of erythropoietin

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-poietin

substance that causes production

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final product of protein metabolism and the major nitrogenous waste product in urine

urea

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ur/o

urinary tract

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-logy

science of

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albumin/o

albumin

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-ation

proces

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-esis

action, process, result of

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glycos/o

sugar

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olig/o

few, scanty

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ur/o

urine or urinary tract

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urin/o

urine

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-uria

urine or urination

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pertaining to urine or the formation of urine

urinary

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parts of the urinary tract

(2) kidneys, (2) ureter, bladder, urethra

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cyst/o

bladder (sometimes cyst or sac)

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glomerul/o

glomerulus (filtering structure of the kidney)

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nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

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pyel/o

renal pelvis (reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine)

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ureter/o

ureter

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urethr/o

urethra

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fibr/o

fiber

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-ous

characterized by

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functional unit of the kidney

nephron

glomerular filtration

filtering of the blood; initial process of urine allows water, salts, wastes and most other substances, except blood cells and proteins, to pass through its thin walls

tubular reabsorption

selective reabsorption of some substances Bowman's capsule collects the substances that filter through the glomerular walls and passes them to a tubule

tubular secretion

secretion of substances into the urine 3rd process in urine formation

hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

U/A, UA

urinalysis

high concentration of albumin in the urine

albuminuria (proteinuria)

presence of pus in the urine

pyuria

py/o

pus

used to determine the specific gravity of a sample of urine

urinometer

presence of ketones in the urine

ketonuria

UTI

urinary tract infection

measure of the amount of urea in the blood, related to the metabolic function of the liver and the excretory function of the kidneys

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

radiographic study to assess the arterial blood supply to the kidneys; requires injection of a radiopaque contrast agent into the renal arteries by a catheter

renal angiography (renal arteriography)

sectional radiographic examination of kidneys

nephrotomography

bladder hernia that protrudes into the vagina

cystocele

condition in which there are degenerative changes in the kidneys but no inflammation

nephrosis

destructive to kidney tissue

nephrotoxic

hereditary disorder characterized by hundreds of fluid-filled cysts throughout both kidneys

polycystic kidney disease

tumor found on a mucosal surface, such as the inner lining of the bladder

polyp

malignant neoplasm of the kidney; kidney cancer

renal cell carcinoma

failure of the kidney to perform its essential functions

renal failure

reduced ability of the kidney to perform its functions

renal insufficiency

ARF

acute renal failure

x-ray examination of the renal pelvis and ureter after injection of a contrast medium into the renal pelvis

retrograde urography

inability to hold urine in the bladder

urinary incontinence

inability to empty the bladder

urinary retention

infection of the urinary tract

UTI (urinary tract infection)

radiographic record of the bladder and urethra

voiding cystourethrogram

4 methods of urinary diversion

urethral, ureteral, suprapubic catheterization, percutaneous nephrostomy

ureteral catheterization

catheters passed into the distal ends of the ureters from the bladder and threaded up the ureters into the renal pelves

per-

through

process of diffusing blood through a membrane to remove toxic material and maintain proper chemical balance

hemodialysis

-eal

pertaining to

increasing urination or an agent that causes increased urination

diuretic

surgical removal of the donated kidney

nephrectomy

removal of the kidney through several small incisions in the abdominal wall, rather than an open surgical excision

laparoscopic nephrectomy

administration of agents that significantly interfere with the immune response of the recipient

immunosuppressive therapy

small pieces of tissue from a nearby structure are removed through the wall of the urethra

transurethral resection (TUR)

surgical creation of a new opening into the bladder

cystostomy

crushing of a stone

lithotripsy

instrument used for surgically crushing bladder stones

lithotrite

incision of the kidney

nephrotomy

incision of the kidney for removal of a kidney stone

nephrolithotomy

surgical attachment of a prolapsed kidney

nephropexy

removal of tissue from the bladder by using a needle inserted through the skin overlying the bladder =

percutaneous bladder biopsy

removal of tissue from the kidney using needle puncture of the skin and tissue overlying the kidney

percutaneous renal biopsy

surgical incision of the kidney to remove a stone from the renal pelvis

pyelolithotomy

surgical repair of a ureter

ureteroplasty