Ch 11 Reproductive System Flashcards
gonads + their function
testes, ovaries; production of spermatozoa (sperm) and ova (eggs)
gon/o
genital or reproduction
gynec/o
female
-logy
study of
cervic/o
cervix
col/o, vagin/o
vagina
gynec/o
female
hyster/o, uter/o
uterus
metr/o, metr/i
uterine tissue
oophor/o, ovar/o
ovary
salping/o
uterine tube (fallopian tube)
vulv/o
vulva (external genitalia)
-cidal
killing
cyst/o, vesic/o
bladder, cyst, or sac
genit/o
genitals
gonad/o
genitals or reproduction
men/o
month
-plasia
development or formation
rect/o
rectum
urethr/o
urethra
urin/o
urine
external genitalia are called
vulva
structures of the vulva
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, openings for glands
structures of the internal genitalia
left + right ovaries, left + right fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, special glands
structure that transports the ova to the uterus
fallopian tubes
structure that receives the sperm during intercourse
vagina
structure that provides nourishment from the time the fertilized egg is implanted from birth
uterus
tissue that forms the lining of the uterus
endometrium
thick muscular tissue of the uterus
myometrium
membrane that surrounds the uterus
perimetrium
ovaries function in ovulation and in the production of what 2 hormones
estrogen and progesterone
the 3 functions of estrogen and progesterone
(1) development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics, (2) preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, (3) development of mammary glands
mamm/o
breast
men/o
month
discharge of a bloody fluid from the uterus at fairly regular intervals
menstruation
end of woman’s reproductive period
menopause
sloughing off of the endometrium that has been prepared to receive a fertilized ovum but is not needed
menstruation, aka menses
instrument for examining body orifices (openings) or cavities
speculum
term for abnormality in the shape, growth, and number of cells that may be seen in a Pap swear
dysplasia
use of a low-power microscope to magnify the mucosa of the vagina and cervix
colposcopy
prevention of pregnancy
contraception
absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected
amenorrhea
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
excessive flow during menstruation
menorrhagia
bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during the menstrual period
metrorrhagia
-rrhea
discharge
-rrhagia
hemorrhage
fibrous or mucous stalked tumor of the cervical mucosa
cervical polyp
inflammation of the cervix and vagina
cervicocolpitis
inflammation of the vagina; same as vaginitis
colpitis
herniation or protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina
cystocele
condition in which tissue that somewhat resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in the pelvic cavity
endometriosis
inflammation of the endometrium
endometritis
abnormal, tubelike passage between two internal organs or between an internal organ and the body surface
fistula
abnormal opening between rectum and the vagina
rectovaginal
abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina
vesicovaginal
uterine prolapse
hysteroptosis
common benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle
myoma
inflamed condition of an ovary
oophoritis
inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube
oophorosalpingitis
inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube
oophorosalpingitis
cancer of an ovary
ovarian carcinoma
sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that develops in or on the ovary and is usually benign
ovarian cyst
infection of the upper genital organs beyond the cervix, often involving the peritoneum and intestines
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, headache, painful breasts, sleep changes, and other symptoms occurring a few days before the onset of menstruation
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
inflammation of a uterine tube
salpingitis
hernial protrusion of a uterine tube
salpingocele
any malignancy of the uterus, including the cervix or endometrium
uterine cancer
most common benign tumor occurring within the uterus and may cause general enlargement of the lower abdomen
uterine fibroid, aka leiomyoma
inflammation of the vulva
vulvitis
method of fertilizing the ova outside the body by collecting mature ova and placing them in a dish with spermatozoa before placing them in the uterus for implantation
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
common intervention for women who suffer the symptoms of menopause or who are at high risk for osteoporosis
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
female and male sterilization
tubal ligation and vasectomy
sexual union of opposite genders in which the penis is introduced into the vagina
coitus
plastic surgery of the vagina
colpoplasty
suture of the vagina
colporrhaphy
excision of a cone of tissue from the cervix, performed to remove a lesion from the cervix or to obtain tissue for biopsy
conization of the cervix
surgical procedure that expands the cervical opening so the uterine wall can be scraped
dilation and curretage (D&C)
destruction of a thin layer of the uterus to stop heavy menstrual bleeding
endometrial ablation
surgical removal of the uterus
hysterectomy
removal of the uterus through the abdominal wall
abdominal hysterectomy or laparohysterectomy
removal of the uterus through the vagina
vaginal hysterectomy
uterus, cervix, ovaries, uterine tubes, and nearby lymph nodes and lymph channels are removed
radical hysterectomy
abdominal exploration using a lighted instrument, the laparoscope, which allows direct visualization of the abdominal contents
laparoscopy
surgical removal of one or both ovaries
oophorectomy
surgical removal of a uterine tube
salpingectomy
removal of an ovary and its accompanying uterine tube
salpingo-oophorectomy
suture of a uterine tube
salpingorrhaphy
sterilization by surgically binding or crushing the uterine tubes
tubal ligation
excision of the vulva, characteristically used to treat vulvar cancer
vulvectomy
embryo turns into a ____ after 8 weeks
fetus
testing for this hormone can indicate pregnancy
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
fet/o
fetus
amni/o
amnion (fetal membrane)
nat/i
birth
par/o
to bear offspring
-para
a woman who has given birth
ecto-
outside
top/o
location
term that describes a newborn infant up to 6 weeks of age
neonate
ne/o
new
branch of medicine that specialized in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
obstetrics
synonym for childbirth
parturition
ante-
before
post-
after
nulli-
none
designation showing the number of pregnancies resulting in live births
para
designation to describe if someone is pregnant
gravida
surgical removal of the fetus from the uterus, performed when fetal or maternal conditions make vaginal delivery hazardous
cesarean section (C-section)
normal and the most common fetal presentation
Cephalic presentation
presentation in which the buttocks, knees, or feet are presented
breech presentation
presentation in which the long axis of the baby’s body is across the long axis of the mother’s body, and the shoulder is presented at the cervical opening
shoulder presentation aka transverse presentation
LMP
last menstrual period
EDD
expected date of delivery
separation of the placenta from the uterine wall after 20+ weeks of gestation or during labor; often results in pain and severe hemorrhage
abruption placentae
innermost of the membranes that surround the developing fetus,
amnion
transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid
amniocentesis
surgical rupture of the fetal membranes, performed to induce to expedite labor
amniotomy
incision through the walls of the abdomen and uterus for delivery of a fetus
cesarean section
sampling of the placental tissue for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
chorionic villus sampling
congenital condition characterized by mild to severe mental retardation caused by an abnormality, usually the presence of three of chromosome 21, rather than the expected pair
Down syndrome
surgical procedure in which an incision is made to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery
episiotomy
anemia of newborns characterized by premature destruction of RBCs and resulting from maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, specifically involving the Rh factor and the ABO blood groups, aka hemolytic disease of the newborn
erythroblastosis fetalis
assessment of the fetus in utero, usually with respect to its heartbeat
fetal monitoring
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the uterus so that it impinges on or covers the opening at the upper end of the uterine cervix
placenta previa
secretion of milk
lactation
semin/o
semen
gon/o
genitals or reproduction
orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o
testes
pen/o
penis
prostat/o
prostate
scrot/o
scrotum, bag
ser/o
serum
vas/o
vessel or duct; sometimes ductus deferens
-genesis
formation
serves as a reservoir for semen until it is discharged
seminal vesicles
congenital absence of one or both testicles; same as anorchism
anorchidism
absence of sperm in semen
aspermia or aspermatogenesis
nonmalignant, noninflammatory enlargement of the prostate, most common among men older than 50
benign prostatic hyperplasia
undescended testicles; failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum before birth
cryptorchidism
accumulation of fluid in a saclike cavity, especially serous tumors of the testes or associated parts
hydrocele
rare chromosomal abnormality in which both testicular and ovarian elements exist in the same person and may result in abnormal genitalia
intersexuality
inflammation of a testis
orchiditis or orchitis
slowly progressing cancer of the prostate; typically detected by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and rectal examination
prostatic carcinoma
inflammation of the prostate
prostatitis
malignant neoplastic disease of the testes, occurring most frequently in men between 15 and 35 years of age
testicular cancer
axial rotation of the spermatic cord, which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle
testicular torsion
surgical removal of the end of the foreskin that covers the head of the penis
circumcision
surgical removal of a testicle
orchidectomy
excision of both testes
castration
plastic surgery of the test, particularly the surgery performed to correct a testicle that has not descended properly into the scrotum
orchidoplasty
incision and drainage of a testis
orchiotomy
removal of all or part of the prostate
prostatectomy
treatment of BPH performed through the urethra using microwave energy to raise the temperature selectively and destroy prostatic tissue
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
treatment of BPH performed through the urethra using low-level radio frequency energy
transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)
partial or complete removal of the prostate gland by passing a cytoscope through the urethra
transurethral prostatectomy aka transurethral resection (TURP)
removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens, usually done bilaterally to produce sterility
vasectomy
surgically reconnecting the ends of the severed ductus deferens, done to correct an obstruction or as a form of vasectomy reversal
vasovasostomy
pertains to the genitals and the urinary organs
genitourinary
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
males: urethral discharge, dysuria
females: often asymptomatic
Gonorrhea, gonococcus (GC)
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Primary stage: painless chancre
Secondary stage: Rash
Late stage: Only about 1/3 of untreated cases progress to syphilitic involvement of the viscera, cardiovascular system, and CNS
Syphilis , spirochete
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Males: Urethritis, dysuria, frequent urination
Females: mild symptoms to none; one of the most common STDs in North America; frequent cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and sterility
Chlamydial infection
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
painful ulceration of the genitals
Chancroid
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Males: nongonococcal urethritis
Females: PID, cervicitis
Nonspecific genital infection
VIRAL DISEASE:
fetal late stage of HIV infection that involves profound immunosuppression; to be diagnosed, one must be infected with HIV and have a clinical disease that indicates cellular immunodeficient, or have a specified level of markers in the blood, including certain T lymphocytes. Characterized by opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms that rarely affect health individuals, especially Kaposi sarcoma.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency (HIV)
VIRAL DISEASE:
blisters and ulceration of the genitalia, fever, and dysuria
herpes genitalis, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2)
VIRAL DISEASE:
cauliflower-like genital and anal warts; infection puts females at high risk for cervical cancer; a vaccine is available that prevents infection with 2 types of HPV responsible for most cervical cancer cases
Condyloma acuminatum, human papillomavirus (HPV)
VIRAL DISEASE:
inflammatory conditions of the liver are separate diseases acquired by sexual contact, contaminated blood, or use of contaminated needles or equipment
Hepatitis B, C, and D
PROTOZOAL DISEASE:
Females: frothy discharge of varying severity
Males: often asymptomatic
Trichomoniasis
FUNGAL DISEASE:
vulvovaginitis; white patches, cheeselike discharge
candidiasis
PARASITIC DISEASE:
severe itching, redness, and inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
Public lice
