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Med Term > Ch 11 Reproductive System > Flashcards

Ch 11 Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

gonads + their function

A

testes, ovaries; production of spermatozoa (sperm) and ova (eggs)

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2
Q

gon/o

A

genital or reproduction

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3
Q

gynec/o

A

female

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4
Q

-logy

A

study of

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5
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix

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6
Q

col/o, vagin/o

A

vagina

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7
Q

gynec/o

A

female

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8
Q

hyster/o, uter/o

A

uterus

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9
Q

metr/o, metr/i

A

uterine tissue

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10
Q

oophor/o, ovar/o

A

ovary

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11
Q

salping/o

A

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

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12
Q

vulv/o

A

vulva (external genitalia)

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13
Q

-cidal

A

killing

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14
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder, cyst, or sac

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15
Q

genit/o

A

genitals

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16
Q

gonad/o

A

genitals or reproduction

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17
Q

men/o

A

month

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18
Q

-plasia

A

development or formation

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19
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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20
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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21
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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22
Q

external genitalia are called

A

vulva

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23
Q

structures of the vulva

A

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, openings for glands

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24
Q

structures of the internal genitalia

A

left + right ovaries, left + right fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, special glands

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25
Q

structure that transports the ova to the uterus

A

fallopian tubes

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26
Q

structure that receives the sperm during intercourse

A

vagina

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27
Q

structure that provides nourishment from the time the fertilized egg is implanted from birth

A

uterus

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28
Q

tissue that forms the lining of the uterus

A

endometrium

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29
Q

thick muscular tissue of the uterus

A

myometrium

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30
Q

membrane that surrounds the uterus

A

perimetrium

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31
Q

ovaries function in ovulation and in the production of what 2 hormones

A

estrogen and progesterone

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32
Q

the 3 functions of estrogen and progesterone

A

(1) development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics, (2) preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, (3) development of mammary glands

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33
Q

mamm/o

A

breast

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34
Q

men/o

A

month

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35
Q

discharge of a bloody fluid from the uterus at fairly regular intervals

A

menstruation

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36
Q

end of woman’s reproductive period

A

menopause

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37
Q

sloughing off of the endometrium that has been prepared to receive a fertilized ovum but is not needed

A

menstruation, aka menses

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38
Q

instrument for examining body orifices (openings) or cavities

A

speculum

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39
Q

term for abnormality in the shape, growth, and number of cells that may be seen in a Pap swear

A

dysplasia

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40
Q

use of a low-power microscope to magnify the mucosa of the vagina and cervix

A

colposcopy

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41
Q

prevention of pregnancy

A

contraception

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42
Q

absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected

A

amenorrhea

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43
Q

painful menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

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44
Q

excessive flow during menstruation

A

menorrhagia

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45
Q

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during the menstrual period

A

metrorrhagia

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46
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge

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47
Q

-rrhagia

A

hemorrhage

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48
Q

fibrous or mucous stalked tumor of the cervical mucosa

A

cervical polyp

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49
Q

inflammation of the cervix and vagina

A

cervicocolpitis

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50
Q

inflammation of the vagina; same as vaginitis

A

colpitis

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51
Q

herniation or protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina

A

cystocele

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52
Q

condition in which tissue that somewhat resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in the pelvic cavity

A

endometriosis

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53
Q

inflammation of the endometrium

A

endometritis

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54
Q

abnormal, tubelike passage between two internal organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

A

fistula

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55
Q

abnormal opening between rectum and the vagina

A

rectovaginal

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56
Q

abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

A

vesicovaginal

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57
Q

uterine prolapse

A

hysteroptosis

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58
Q

common benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle

A

myoma

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59
Q

inflamed condition of an ovary

A

oophoritis

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60
Q

inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube

A

oophorosalpingitis

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61
Q

inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube

A

oophorosalpingitis

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62
Q

cancer of an ovary

A

ovarian carcinoma

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63
Q

sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that develops in or on the ovary and is usually benign

A

ovarian cyst

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64
Q

infection of the upper genital organs beyond the cervix, often involving the peritoneum and intestines

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

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65
Q

syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, headache, painful breasts, sleep changes, and other symptoms occurring a few days before the onset of menstruation

A

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

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66
Q

inflammation of a uterine tube

A

salpingitis

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67
Q

hernial protrusion of a uterine tube

A

salpingocele

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68
Q

any malignancy of the uterus, including the cervix or endometrium

A

uterine cancer

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69
Q

most common benign tumor occurring within the uterus and may cause general enlargement of the lower abdomen

A

uterine fibroid, aka leiomyoma

70
Q

inflammation of the vulva

A

vulvitis

71
Q

method of fertilizing the ova outside the body by collecting mature ova and placing them in a dish with spermatozoa before placing them in the uterus for implantation

A

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

72
Q

common intervention for women who suffer the symptoms of menopause or who are at high risk for osteoporosis

A

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

73
Q

female and male sterilization

A

tubal ligation and vasectomy

74
Q

sexual union of opposite genders in which the penis is introduced into the vagina

A

coitus

75
Q

plastic surgery of the vagina

A

colpoplasty

76
Q

suture of the vagina

A

colporrhaphy

77
Q

excision of a cone of tissue from the cervix, performed to remove a lesion from the cervix or to obtain tissue for biopsy

A

conization of the cervix

78
Q

surgical procedure that expands the cervical opening so the uterine wall can be scraped

A

dilation and curretage (D&C)

79
Q

destruction of a thin layer of the uterus to stop heavy menstrual bleeding

A

endometrial ablation

80
Q

surgical removal of the uterus

A

hysterectomy

81
Q

removal of the uterus through the abdominal wall

A

abdominal hysterectomy or laparohysterectomy

82
Q

removal of the uterus through the vagina

A

vaginal hysterectomy

83
Q

uterus, cervix, ovaries, uterine tubes, and nearby lymph nodes and lymph channels are removed

A

radical hysterectomy

84
Q

abdominal exploration using a lighted instrument, the laparoscope, which allows direct visualization of the abdominal contents

A

laparoscopy

85
Q

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

A

oophorectomy

86
Q

surgical removal of a uterine tube

A

salpingectomy

87
Q

removal of an ovary and its accompanying uterine tube

A

salpingo-oophorectomy

88
Q

suture of a uterine tube

A

salpingorrhaphy

89
Q

sterilization by surgically binding or crushing the uterine tubes

A

tubal ligation

90
Q

excision of the vulva, characteristically used to treat vulvar cancer

A

vulvectomy

91
Q

embryo turns into a ____ after 8 weeks

A

fetus

92
Q

testing for this hormone can indicate pregnancy

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

93
Q

fet/o

A

fetus

94
Q

amni/o

A

amnion (fetal membrane)

95
Q

nat/i

A

birth

96
Q

par/o

A

to bear offspring

97
Q

-para

A

a woman who has given birth

98
Q

ecto-

A

outside

99
Q

top/o

A

location

100
Q

term that describes a newborn infant up to 6 weeks of age

A

neonate

101
Q

ne/o

A

new

102
Q

branch of medicine that specialized in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth

A

obstetrics

103
Q

synonym for childbirth

A

parturition

104
Q

ante-

A

before

105
Q

post-

A

after

106
Q

nulli-

A

none

107
Q

designation showing the number of pregnancies resulting in live births

A

para

108
Q

designation to describe if someone is pregnant

A

gravida

109
Q

surgical removal of the fetus from the uterus, performed when fetal or maternal conditions make vaginal delivery hazardous

A

cesarean section (C-section)

110
Q

normal and the most common fetal presentation

A

Cephalic presentation

111
Q

presentation in which the buttocks, knees, or feet are presented

A

breech presentation

112
Q

presentation in which the long axis of the baby’s body is across the long axis of the mother’s body, and the shoulder is presented at the cervical opening

A

shoulder presentation aka transverse presentation

113
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

114
Q

EDD

A

expected date of delivery

115
Q

separation of the placenta from the uterine wall after 20+ weeks of gestation or during labor; often results in pain and severe hemorrhage

A

abruption placentae

116
Q

innermost of the membranes that surround the developing fetus,

A

amnion

117
Q

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid

A

amniocentesis

118
Q

surgical rupture of the fetal membranes, performed to induce to expedite labor

A

amniotomy

119
Q

incision through the walls of the abdomen and uterus for delivery of a fetus

A

cesarean section

120
Q

sampling of the placental tissue for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

A

chorionic villus sampling

121
Q

congenital condition characterized by mild to severe mental retardation caused by an abnormality, usually the presence of three of chromosome 21, rather than the expected pair

A

Down syndrome

122
Q

surgical procedure in which an incision is made to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery

A

episiotomy

123
Q

anemia of newborns characterized by premature destruction of RBCs and resulting from maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, specifically involving the Rh factor and the ABO blood groups, aka hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

124
Q

assessment of the fetus in utero, usually with respect to its heartbeat

A

fetal monitoring

125
Q

abnormal implantation of the placenta in the uterus so that it impinges on or covers the opening at the upper end of the uterine cervix

A

placenta previa

126
Q

secretion of milk

A

lactation

127
Q

semin/o

A

semen

128
Q

gon/o

A

genitals or reproduction

129
Q

orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

A

testes

130
Q

pen/o

A

penis

131
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

132
Q

scrot/o

A

scrotum, bag

133
Q

ser/o

A

serum

134
Q

vas/o

A

vessel or duct; sometimes ductus deferens

135
Q

-genesis

A

formation

136
Q

serves as a reservoir for semen until it is discharged

A

seminal vesicles

137
Q

congenital absence of one or both testicles; same as anorchism

A

anorchidism

138
Q

absence of sperm in semen

A

aspermia or aspermatogenesis

139
Q

nonmalignant, noninflammatory enlargement of the prostate, most common among men older than 50

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

140
Q

undescended testicles; failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum before birth

A

cryptorchidism

141
Q

accumulation of fluid in a saclike cavity, especially serous tumors of the testes or associated parts

A

hydrocele

142
Q

rare chromosomal abnormality in which both testicular and ovarian elements exist in the same person and may result in abnormal genitalia

A

intersexuality

143
Q

inflammation of a testis

A

orchiditis or orchitis

144
Q

slowly progressing cancer of the prostate; typically detected by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and rectal examination

A

prostatic carcinoma

145
Q

inflammation of the prostate

A

prostatitis

146
Q

malignant neoplastic disease of the testes, occurring most frequently in men between 15 and 35 years of age

A

testicular cancer

147
Q

axial rotation of the spermatic cord, which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle

A

testicular torsion

148
Q

surgical removal of the end of the foreskin that covers the head of the penis

A

circumcision

149
Q

surgical removal of a testicle

A

orchidectomy

150
Q

excision of both testes

A

castration

151
Q

plastic surgery of the test, particularly the surgery performed to correct a testicle that has not descended properly into the scrotum

A

orchidoplasty

152
Q

incision and drainage of a testis

A

orchiotomy

153
Q

removal of all or part of the prostate

A

prostatectomy

154
Q

treatment of BPH performed through the urethra using microwave energy to raise the temperature selectively and destroy prostatic tissue

A

transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)

155
Q

treatment of BPH performed through the urethra using low-level radio frequency energy

A

transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)

156
Q

partial or complete removal of the prostate gland by passing a cytoscope through the urethra

A

transurethral prostatectomy aka transurethral resection (TURP)

157
Q

removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens, usually done bilaterally to produce sterility

A

vasectomy

158
Q

surgically reconnecting the ends of the severed ductus deferens, done to correct an obstruction or as a form of vasectomy reversal

A

vasovasostomy

159
Q

pertains to the genitals and the urinary organs

A

genitourinary

160
Q

BACTERIAL DISEASE:
males: urethral discharge, dysuria
females: often asymptomatic

A

Gonorrhea, gonococcus (GC)

161
Q

BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Primary stage: painless chancre
Secondary stage: Rash
Late stage: Only about 1/3 of untreated cases progress to syphilitic involvement of the viscera, cardiovascular system, and CNS

A

Syphilis , spirochete

162
Q

BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Males: Urethritis, dysuria, frequent urination
Females: mild symptoms to none; one of the most common STDs in North America; frequent cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and sterility

A

Chlamydial infection

163
Q

BACTERIAL DISEASE:
painful ulceration of the genitals

A

Chancroid

164
Q

BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Males: nongonococcal urethritis
Females: PID, cervicitis

A

Nonspecific genital infection

165
Q

VIRAL DISEASE:
fetal late stage of HIV infection that involves profound immunosuppression; to be diagnosed, one must be infected with HIV and have a clinical disease that indicates cellular immunodeficient, or have a specified level of markers in the blood, including certain T lymphocytes. Characterized by opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms that rarely affect health individuals, especially Kaposi sarcoma.

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency (HIV)

166
Q

VIRAL DISEASE:
blisters and ulceration of the genitalia, fever, and dysuria

A

herpes genitalis, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2)

167
Q

VIRAL DISEASE:
cauliflower-like genital and anal warts; infection puts females at high risk for cervical cancer; a vaccine is available that prevents infection with 2 types of HPV responsible for most cervical cancer cases

A

Condyloma acuminatum, human papillomavirus (HPV)

168
Q

VIRAL DISEASE:
inflammatory conditions of the liver are separate diseases acquired by sexual contact, contaminated blood, or use of contaminated needles or equipment

A

Hepatitis B, C, and D

169
Q

PROTOZOAL DISEASE:
Females: frothy discharge of varying severity
Males: often asymptomatic

A

Trichomoniasis

170
Q

FUNGAL DISEASE:
vulvovaginitis; white patches, cheeselike discharge

A

candidiasis

171
Q

PARASITIC DISEASE:
severe itching, redness, and inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes

A

Public lice

Med Term (18 decks)

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