Ch 11 Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
gonads + their function
A
testes, ovaries; production of spermatozoa (sperm) and ova (eggs)
2
Q
gon/o
A
genital or reproduction
3
Q
gynec/o
A
female
4
Q
-logy
A
study of
5
Q
cervic/o
A
cervix
6
Q
col/o, vagin/o
A
vagina
7
Q
gynec/o
A
female
8
Q
hyster/o, uter/o
A
uterus
9
Q
metr/o, metr/i
A
uterine tissue
10
Q
oophor/o, ovar/o
A
ovary
11
Q
salping/o
A
uterine tube (fallopian tube)
12
Q
vulv/o
A
vulva (external genitalia)
13
Q
-cidal
A
killing
14
Q
cyst/o, vesic/o
A
bladder, cyst, or sac
15
Q
genit/o
A
genitals
16
Q
gonad/o
A
genitals or reproduction
17
Q
men/o
A
month
18
Q
-plasia
A
development or formation
19
Q
rect/o
A
rectum
20
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
21
Q
urin/o
A
urine
22
Q
external genitalia are called
A
vulva
23
Q
structures of the vulva
A
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, openings for glands
24
Q
structures of the internal genitalia
A
left + right ovaries, left + right fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, special glands
25
structure that transports the ova to the uterus
fallopian tubes
26
structure that receives the sperm during intercourse
vagina
27
structure that provides nourishment from the time the fertilized egg is implanted from birth
uterus
28
tissue that forms the lining of the uterus
endometrium
29
thick muscular tissue of the uterus
myometrium
30
membrane that surrounds the uterus
perimetrium
31
ovaries function in ovulation and in the production of what 2 hormones
estrogen and progesterone
32
the 3 functions of estrogen and progesterone
(1) development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics, (2) preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, (3) development of mammary glands
33
mamm/o
breast
34
men/o
month
35
discharge of a bloody fluid from the uterus at fairly regular intervals
menstruation
36
end of woman's reproductive period
menopause
37
sloughing off of the endometrium that has been prepared to receive a fertilized ovum but is not needed
menstruation, aka menses
38
instrument for examining body orifices (openings) or cavities
speculum
39
term for abnormality in the shape, growth, and number of cells that may be seen in a Pap swear
dysplasia
40
use of a low-power microscope to magnify the mucosa of the vagina and cervix
colposcopy
41
prevention of pregnancy
contraception
42
absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected
amenorrhea
43
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
44
excessive flow during menstruation
menorrhagia
45
bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during the menstrual period
metrorrhagia
46
-rrhea
discharge
47
-rrhagia
hemorrhage
48
fibrous or mucous stalked tumor of the cervical mucosa
cervical polyp
49
inflammation of the cervix and vagina
cervicocolpitis
50
inflammation of the vagina; same as vaginitis
colpitis
51
herniation or protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina
cystocele
52
condition in which tissue that somewhat resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in the pelvic cavity
endometriosis
53
inflammation of the endometrium
endometritis
54
abnormal, tubelike passage between two internal organs or between an internal organ and the body surface
fistula
55
abnormal opening between rectum and the vagina
rectovaginal
56
abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina
vesicovaginal
57
uterine prolapse
hysteroptosis
58
common benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle
myoma
59
inflamed condition of an ovary
oophoritis
60
inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube
oophorosalpingitis
61
inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube
oophorosalpingitis
62
cancer of an ovary
ovarian carcinoma
63
sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that develops in or on the ovary and is usually benign
ovarian cyst
64
infection of the upper genital organs beyond the cervix, often involving the peritoneum and intestines
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
65
syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, headache, painful breasts, sleep changes, and other symptoms occurring a few days before the onset of menstruation
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
66
inflammation of a uterine tube
salpingitis
67
hernial protrusion of a uterine tube
salpingocele
68
any malignancy of the uterus, including the cervix or endometrium
uterine cancer
69
most common benign tumor occurring within the uterus and may cause general enlargement of the lower abdomen
uterine fibroid, aka leiomyoma
70
inflammation of the vulva
vulvitis
71
method of fertilizing the ova outside the body by collecting mature ova and placing them in a dish with spermatozoa before placing them in the uterus for implantation
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
72
common intervention for women who suffer the symptoms of menopause or who are at high risk for osteoporosis
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
73
female and male sterilization
tubal ligation and vasectomy
74
sexual union of opposite genders in which the penis is introduced into the vagina
coitus
75
plastic surgery of the vagina
colpoplasty
76
suture of the vagina
colporrhaphy
77
excision of a cone of tissue from the cervix, performed to remove a lesion from the cervix or to obtain tissue for biopsy
conization of the cervix
78
surgical procedure that expands the cervical opening so the uterine wall can be scraped
dilation and curretage (D&C)
79
destruction of a thin layer of the uterus to stop heavy menstrual bleeding
endometrial ablation
80
surgical removal of the uterus
hysterectomy
81
removal of the uterus through the abdominal wall
abdominal hysterectomy or laparohysterectomy
82
removal of the uterus through the vagina
vaginal hysterectomy
83
uterus, cervix, ovaries, uterine tubes, and nearby lymph nodes and lymph channels are removed
radical hysterectomy
84
abdominal exploration using a lighted instrument, the laparoscope, which allows direct visualization of the abdominal contents
laparoscopy
85
surgical removal of one or both ovaries
oophorectomy
86
surgical removal of a uterine tube
salpingectomy
87
removal of an ovary and its accompanying uterine tube
salpingo-oophorectomy
88
suture of a uterine tube
salpingorrhaphy
89
sterilization by surgically binding or crushing the uterine tubes
tubal ligation
90
excision of the vulva, characteristically used to treat vulvar cancer
vulvectomy
91
embryo turns into a ____ after 8 weeks
fetus
92
testing for this hormone can indicate pregnancy
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
93
fet/o
fetus
94
amni/o
amnion (fetal membrane)
95
nat/i
birth
96
par/o
to bear offspring
97
-para
a woman who has given birth
98
ecto-
outside
99
top/o
location
100
term that describes a newborn infant up to 6 weeks of age
neonate
101
ne/o
new
102
branch of medicine that specialized in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
obstetrics
103
synonym for childbirth
parturition
104
ante-
before
105
post-
after
106
nulli-
none
107
designation showing the number of pregnancies resulting in live births
para
108
designation to describe if someone is pregnant
gravida
109
surgical removal of the fetus from the uterus, performed when fetal or maternal conditions make vaginal delivery hazardous
cesarean section (C-section)
110
normal and the most common fetal presentation
Cephalic presentation
111
presentation in which the buttocks, knees, or feet are presented
breech presentation
112
presentation in which the long axis of the baby's body is across the long axis of the mother's body, and the shoulder is presented at the cervical opening
shoulder presentation aka transverse presentation
113
LMP
last menstrual period
114
EDD
expected date of delivery
115
separation of the placenta from the uterine wall after 20+ weeks of gestation or during labor; often results in pain and severe hemorrhage
abruption placentae
116
innermost of the membranes that surround the developing fetus,
amnion
117
transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid
amniocentesis
118
surgical rupture of the fetal membranes, performed to induce to expedite labor
amniotomy
119
incision through the walls of the abdomen and uterus for delivery of a fetus
cesarean section
120
sampling of the placental tissue for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
chorionic villus sampling
121
congenital condition characterized by mild to severe mental retardation caused by an abnormality, usually the presence of three of chromosome 21, rather than the expected pair
Down syndrome
122
surgical procedure in which an incision is made to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery
episiotomy
123
anemia of newborns characterized by premature destruction of RBCs and resulting from maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, specifically involving the Rh factor and the ABO blood groups, aka hemolytic disease of the newborn
erythroblastosis fetalis
124
assessment of the fetus in utero, usually with respect to its heartbeat
fetal monitoring
125
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the uterus so that it impinges on or covers the opening at the upper end of the uterine cervix
placenta previa
126
secretion of milk
lactation
127
semin/o
semen
128
gon/o
genitals or reproduction
129
orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o
testes
130
pen/o
penis
131
prostat/o
prostate
132
scrot/o
scrotum, bag
133
ser/o
serum
134
vas/o
vessel or duct; sometimes ductus deferens
135
-genesis
formation
136
serves as a reservoir for semen until it is discharged
seminal vesicles
137
congenital absence of one or both testicles; same as anorchism
anorchidism
138
absence of sperm in semen
aspermia or aspermatogenesis
139
nonmalignant, noninflammatory enlargement of the prostate, most common among men older than 50
benign prostatic hyperplasia
140
undescended testicles; failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum before birth
cryptorchidism
141
accumulation of fluid in a saclike cavity, especially serous tumors of the testes or associated parts
hydrocele
142
rare chromosomal abnormality in which both testicular and ovarian elements exist in the same person and may result in abnormal genitalia
intersexuality
143
inflammation of a testis
orchiditis or orchitis
144
slowly progressing cancer of the prostate; typically detected by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and rectal examination
prostatic carcinoma
145
inflammation of the prostate
prostatitis
146
malignant neoplastic disease of the testes, occurring most frequently in men between 15 and 35 years of age
testicular cancer
147
axial rotation of the spermatic cord, which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle
testicular torsion
148
surgical removal of the end of the foreskin that covers the head of the penis
circumcision
149
surgical removal of a testicle
orchidectomy
150
excision of both testes
castration
151
plastic surgery of the test, particularly the surgery performed to correct a testicle that has not descended properly into the scrotum
orchidoplasty
152
incision and drainage of a testis
orchiotomy
153
removal of all or part of the prostate
prostatectomy
154
treatment of BPH performed through the urethra using microwave energy to raise the temperature selectively and destroy prostatic tissue
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
155
treatment of BPH performed through the urethra using low-level radio frequency energy
transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)
156
partial or complete removal of the prostate gland by passing a cytoscope through the urethra
transurethral prostatectomy aka transurethral resection (TURP)
157
removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens, usually done bilaterally to produce sterility
vasectomy
158
surgically reconnecting the ends of the severed ductus deferens, done to correct an obstruction or as a form of vasectomy reversal
vasovasostomy
159
pertains to the genitals and the urinary organs
genitourinary
160
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
males: urethral discharge, dysuria
females: often asymptomatic
Gonorrhea, gonococcus (GC)
161
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Primary stage: painless chancre
Secondary stage: Rash
Late stage: Only about 1/3 of untreated cases progress to syphilitic involvement of the viscera, cardiovascular system, and CNS
Syphilis , spirochete
162
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Males: Urethritis, dysuria, frequent urination
Females: mild symptoms to none; one of the most common STDs in North America; frequent cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and sterility
Chlamydial infection
163
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
painful ulceration of the genitals
Chancroid
164
BACTERIAL DISEASE:
Males: nongonococcal urethritis
Females: PID, cervicitis
Nonspecific genital infection
165
VIRAL DISEASE:
fetal late stage of HIV infection that involves profound immunosuppression; to be diagnosed, one must be infected with HIV and have a clinical disease that indicates cellular immunodeficient, or have a specified level of markers in the blood, including certain T lymphocytes. Characterized by opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms that rarely affect health individuals, especially Kaposi sarcoma.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency (HIV)
166
VIRAL DISEASE:
blisters and ulceration of the genitalia, fever, and dysuria
herpes genitalis, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2)
167
VIRAL DISEASE:
cauliflower-like genital and anal warts; infection puts females at high risk for cervical cancer; a vaccine is available that prevents infection with 2 types of HPV responsible for most cervical cancer cases
Condyloma acuminatum, human papillomavirus (HPV)
168
VIRAL DISEASE:
inflammatory conditions of the liver are separate diseases acquired by sexual contact, contaminated blood, or use of contaminated needles or equipment
Hepatitis B, C, and D
169
PROTOZOAL DISEASE:
Females: frothy discharge of varying severity
Males: often asymptomatic
Trichomoniasis
170
FUNGAL DISEASE:
vulvovaginitis; white patches, cheeselike discharge
candidiasis
171
PARASITIC DISEASE:
severe itching, redness, and inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
Public lice
