Ch 5 Whole Body Flashcards
cells that have the ability to divide w/o limit and give rise to specialized cells
Stem Cells
abundant in fetus and in the cord blood of a newborn
Stem Cells
used in bone marrow transplants and used in research for organ or tissue regeneration
Stem Cells
8 levels of organization
atoms or ions > molecules > organelles > cells > tissues > organs > body systems > organism
somatic cells
all of body cells except reproductive cells
somat/o
body
4 main types of tissue
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
makes movement possible
muscular system
provides protection, form and shape for the body; stores minerals and forms some blood cells
skeletal system
delivers oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body; transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion
Cardiovascular system
helps maintain the internal fluid environment; produces some types of blood cells; regulate immunity
lymphatic system
brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste
respiratory system
provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals; removes solid wastes
digestive system
filters blood to removes wastes of cellular metabolism; maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance
urinary system
facilitates procreation
reproductive system
provides external covering for protection; regulates the body temperature and water content
integumentary system
coordinates the reception of stimuli; transmits messages to stimulate movement
nervous system
secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities
endocrine system
equilibrium
homeostasis
home/o
sameness
-stasis
controlling
ana-
upward, excessive or again
-plasia
development or formation of tissue
lack of development of an organ or tissue
aplasia
any abnormal development of tissues, recognized by cells that differ in size, shape, and appearance
dysplasia
underdevelopment of an organ or tissue; less severe than aplasia
hypoplasia
an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in the tissue
hyperplasia
increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of existing cells rather than the number of cells
hypertrophy
infer/o
lowermost
super/o
uppermost
anter/o
front
poster/o
behind
medi/o
middle
later/o
side
anter/o; anterior
nearer to or toward the front
poster/o; posterior
nearer to or toward the back
ventr/o; ventral
belly side; same as anterior surface in humans
dors/o; dorsal
directed toward or situated on the back side; same as posterior surface in humans
medi/o; medial, median
middle or nearer the middle
later/o; lateral
toward the side
super/o; superior
uppermost or above
infer/o; inferior
lowermost or below
proxim/o; proximal
nearer the origin or point of attachment
dist/o; distal
far or distant from the origin or point of attachment
cephal/o; cephalad
toward the head
caud/o; caudad
toward the tail
intern/o; internal
inside
extern/o; external
outside
lying face downward
prone
lying on back
supine
palm of hand upward
supination
palm of hand downward
pronation
thorac/o
chest
sticking together of two structures that are normally separated
adhesion
periton/o
peritoneum
-eum
membrane
major regions of the body
head, neck, torso, extremities
abdomin/o
abdominal
acr/o
extremities
blephar/o
eyelid
cyst/o
cyst, bladder, or sac
dactyl/o
digit
lapar/o
abdominal wall
omphal/o, umbilic/o
umbilicus
onych/o
nail
pelv/i
pelvis
periton/o
peritoneum
som/a, somat/o
body
thorac/o
chest
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
-cele
hernia
femor/o
femur
inguin/o
groin
palmar
pertaining to the palm
plantar
sole of the footp
phag/o
eat
crin/o, -crine
secrete
dacry/o, lacrim/o
tear, tearing, crying
-emia
condition of the blood
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
hidr/o
sweat or perspiration
hydr/o
water
lymph/o
lymph
muc/o
mucus
-poiesis
production
-poietin
substance that causes production
py/o
pus
sial/o
saliva
ur/o
urine
thromb/o
clot
coagul/o
coagulation
destruction of RBCs with the liberation of Hgb
Hemolysis
formation of internal blood clots
thrombosis
pallor
paleness
What type of cells transport oxygen?
RBC/erythrocyte
What type of cells function as body defense?
WBC/leukocyte
What type of cells help with blood clotting?
platelet/thrombocyte
vulnerable to disease or disorder
susceptibility
body’s natural ability to counteract microorganisms or toxins
resistance
body’s first line of defence
nonspecific resistance
second type of defense
selective or specific resistance
any substance that the body regards as foreign
antigen
antibody
disease-fighting protein produced by the immune system in response tot he presences of a specific antigenin
individual’s own body produces an immune response to a harmful antigen
active immunity
immune agents develop in another person or animal and then are transferred to an individual who was not previously immune
passive immunity-
-phylaxis
protection
ana-
excessive
benign
harmless
malignant
to spread
spread to sites away from where they originate
metastasize
microorganism that is capable of causing or producing a disease
pathogen
BNICE (WMD categories)
B - Biological
N - Nuclear
I - Incendiary
C - Chemical
E - Explosive
