Ch 5 Whole Body Flashcards by Jessica Fabia

cells that have the ability to divide w/o limit and give rise to specialized cells

Stem Cells

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abundant in fetus and in the cord blood of a newborn

Stem Cells

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used in bone marrow transplants and used in research for organ or tissue regeneration

Stem Cells

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8 levels of organization

atoms or ions > molecules > organelles > cells > tissues > organs > body systems > organism

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somatic cells

all of body cells except reproductive cells

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somat/o

body

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4 main types of tissue

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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makes movement possible

muscular system

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provides protection, form and shape for the body; stores minerals and forms some blood cells

skeletal system

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delivers oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body; transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion

Cardiovascular system

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helps maintain the internal fluid environment; produces some types of blood cells; regulate immunity

lymphatic system

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brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste

respiratory system

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provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals; removes solid wastes

digestive system

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filters blood to removes wastes of cellular metabolism; maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance

urinary system

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facilitates procreation

reproductive system

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provides external covering for protection; regulates the body temperature and water content

integumentary system

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coordinates the reception of stimuli; transmits messages to stimulate movement

nervous system

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secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities

endocrine system

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equilibrium

homeostasis

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home/o

sameness

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-stasis

controlling

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ana-

upward, excessive or again

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-plasia

development or formation of tissue

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lack of development of an organ or tissue

aplasia

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any abnormal development of tissues, recognized by cells that differ in size, shape, and appearance

dysplasia

underdevelopment of an organ or tissue; less severe than aplasia

hypoplasia

an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in the tissue

hyperplasia

increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of existing cells rather than the number of cells

hypertrophy

infer/o

lowermost

super/o

uppermost

anter/o

front

poster/o

behind

medi/o

middle

later/o

side

anter/o; anterior

nearer to or toward the front

poster/o; posterior

nearer to or toward the back

ventr/o; ventral

belly side; same as anterior surface in humans

dors/o; dorsal

directed toward or situated on the back side; same as posterior surface in humans

medi/o; medial, median

middle or nearer the middle

later/o; lateral

toward the side

super/o; superior

uppermost or above

infer/o; inferior

lowermost or below

proxim/o; proximal

nearer the origin or point of attachment

dist/o; distal

far or distant from the origin or point of attachment

cephal/o; cephalad

toward the head

caud/o; caudad

toward the tail

intern/o; internal

inside

extern/o; external

outside

lying face downward

prone

lying on back

supine

palm of hand upward

supination

palm of hand downward

pronation

thorac/o

chest

sticking together of two structures that are normally separated

adhesion

periton/o

peritoneum

-eum

membrane

major regions of the body

head, neck, torso, extremities

abdomin/o

abdominal

acr/o

extremities

blephar/o

eyelid

cyst/o

cyst, bladder, or sac

dactyl/o

digit

lapar/o

abdominal wall

omphal/o, umbilic/o

umbilicus

onych/o

nail

pelv/i

pelvis

periton/o

peritoneum

som/a, somat/o

body

thorac/o

chest

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

ascites

-cele

hernia

femor/o

femur

inguin/o

groin

palmar

pertaining to the palm

plantar

sole of the footp

phag/o

eat

crin/o, -crine

secrete

dacry/o, lacrim/o

tear, tearing, crying

-emia

condition of the blood

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

hidr/o

sweat or perspiration

hydr/o

water

lymph/o

lymph

muc/o

mucus

-poiesis

production

-poietin

substance that causes production

py/o

pus

sial/o

saliva

ur/o

urine

thromb/o

clot

coagul/o

coagulation

destruction of RBCs with the liberation of Hgb

Hemolysis

formation of internal blood clots

thrombosis

pallor

paleness

What type of cells transport oxygen?

RBC/erythrocyte

What type of cells function as body defense?

WBC/leukocyte

What type of cells help with blood clotting?

platelet/thrombocyte

vulnerable to disease or disorder

susceptibility

body's natural ability to counteract microorganisms or toxins

resistance

body's first line of defence

nonspecific resistance

second type of defense

selective or specific resistance

any substance that the body regards as foreign

antigen

antibody

disease-fighting protein produced by the immune system in response tot he presences of a specific antigenin

individual's own body produces an immune response to a harmful antigen

active immunity

immune agents develop in another person or animal and then are transferred to an individual who was not previously immune

passive immunity-

-phylaxis

protection

ana-

excessive

benign

harmless

malignant

to spread

spread to sites away from where they originate

metastasize

microorganism that is capable of causing or producing a disease

pathogen

BNICE (WMD categories)

B - Biological N - Nuclear I - Incendiary C - Chemical E - Explosive