Ch 15 Endocrine System Flashcards
function of endocrine system
regulates body activities by working with the nervous system
dys-
bad, impaired
meaning of hyposecretion
defieciency
meaning of hypersecretion
excess
endo-
inside
-crine
secrete
glands that have the ability to manufacture or release chemical substances
hormones
ductless and secrete their hormones into the bloodstream
endocrine glands
open onto a body surface and discharge their secretions through ducts (not a part of the endocrine system)
exocrine glands
exo-
outside
the organ or structure toward which the effects of a hormone are primarily directed
target organ
nicknames the “master gland”
pituitary gland aka hypophysis
endocrine glands release hormones in one of two ways
- hormones are released in response to the nervous system
- pituitary produces stimulating (tropic) hormones that act on endocrine glands, which then produce hormones
hypo-
below
-physis
growth
other endocrine glands
pineal gland, thyroids, parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes
gland that uses info regarding changing light levels to adjust its output of the hormone melatonin, helping control circadian rhythms and also the function of females’ ovaries
pineal gland
para-
near or beside
aden/o
gland
adren/o, adrenal/o
adrenal glands
andr/o
male or masculine
gigant/o
giant
gonad/o
gonad
insulin/o
insulin
iod/o
iodine
myx/o
mucus
pacreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
parathyroids
pituitar/o, hypophys/o
pituitary gland
ren/o, nephr/o
kidney
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
toxic/o
poison
-gen
beginning, origin
-physis
growth
-tropic
stimulate
-tropin
that which stimulates
-uria
urine, urination
hormone: adrenaline
What endocrine gland? Function?
adrenals; potent stimulation of “fight or flight”; increasing blood pressure and cardiac output
hormone: androgen (testosterone)
What endocrine gland? Function?
testicle; development and maintenance of masculinizing characteristics
hormone: antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What endocrine gland? Function?
pituitary (synthesized by the hypothalamus); suppression of urine formation
hormone: cortisone
What endocrine gland? Function?
adrenals; important in regulation of body metabolism
hormone: estrogens (female sex hormone; includes estradiol and estrone)
What endocrine gland? Function?
ovaries (primarily); during menstrual cycle, act on the female genitalia to produce a suitable site for fertilization, implantation, and nutrition of the early embryo
hormone: growth hormone
What endocrine gland? Function?
pituitary; stimulation of body growth and maintenance of size once growth has been obtained
hormone: insulin
What endocrine gland? Function?
pancreas; regulation of blood glucose by coordinating with other hormones
hormone: thyroxine
What endocrine gland? Function?
thyroid; cell metabolism
abnormally increased activity of the thyroid
hyperthyroidism
ex-
outward
eu-
normal
decreased activity of the thyroid
hypothyroidism
disorder associated with a deficiency of ADH produced by the pituitary gland or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH
diabetes insipidus
disorder in which there is abnormal enlargement of the extremities of the skeleton – nose, jaws, fingers, and toes – caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone after maturity
acromegaly
tumor of a gland
adenoma
condition caused by congenital deficiency of thyroid secretion and marked by arrested physical and mental development
cretinism
disease caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone sizing childhood; causes a person to be much smaller than normal size
dwarfism
condition in which a person reaches an abnormal stature; results from a hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood
gigantism
excessive secretion of insulin by the pancreas, which causes hypoglycemia
hyperinsulinism
increased activity of the parathyroid glands
hyperparathyroidism
abnormally low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
decreased activity of the parathyroid glands
hypoparathyroidism
diminished activity of the pituitary gland
hypopituitarism
condition resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland, characterized by a dry, waxy swelling of the skin
myxedema
morbid condition caused by excessive thyroid secretion
thyrotoxicosis
surgical removal or destruction of the hypophysis/pituitary
hypophysectomy
excision of the thyroid
thyroidectomy
excision of an adrenal gland
adrenalectomy
excision/removal of a gland
adenectomy
