Ch 15 Endocrine System

Question 1

function of endocrine system

Answer 1

regulates body activities by working with the nervous system

Question 2

dys-

Answer 2

bad, impaired

Question 3

meaning of hyposecretion

Answer 3

defieciency

Question 4

meaning of hypersecretion

Answer 4

excess

Question 5

endo-

Answer 5

inside

Question 6

-crine

Answer 6

secrete

Question 7

glands that have the ability to manufacture or release chemical substances

Answer 7

hormones

Question 8

ductless and secrete their hormones into the bloodstream

Answer 8

endocrine glands

Question 9

open onto a body surface and discharge their secretions through ducts (not a part of the endocrine system)

Answer 9

exocrine glands

Question 10

exo-

Answer 10

outside

Question 11

the organ or structure toward which the effects of a hormone are primarily directed

Answer 11

target organ

Question 12

nicknames the “master gland”

Answer 12

pituitary gland aka hypophysis

Question 13

endocrine glands release hormones in one of two ways

Answer 13

1. hormones are released in response to the nervous system
2. pituitary produces stimulating (tropic) hormones that act on endocrine glands, which then produce hormones

Question 14

hypo-

Answer 14

below

Question 15

-physis

Answer 15

growth

Question 16

other endocrine glands

Answer 16

pineal gland, thyroids, parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes

Question 17

gland that uses info regarding changing light levels to adjust its output of the hormone melatonin, helping control circadian rhythms and also the function of females’ ovaries

Answer 17

pineal gland

Question 18

para-

Answer 18

near or beside

Question 19

aden/o

Answer 19

gland

Question 20

adren/o, adrenal/o

Answer 20

adrenal glands

Question 21

andr/o

Answer 21

male or masculine

Question 22

gigant/o

Answer 22

giant

Question 23

gonad/o

Answer 23

gonad

Question 24

insulin/o

Answer 24

insulin

Question 25

iod/o

Answer 25

iodine

Question 26

myx/o

Answer 26

mucus

Question 27

pacreat/o

Answer 27

pancreas

Question 28

parathyroid/o

Answer 28

parathyroids

Question 29

pituitar/o, hypophys/o

Answer 29

pituitary gland

Question 30

ren/o, nephr/o

Answer 30

kidney

Question 31

thyr/o, thyroid/o

Answer 31

thyroid gland

Question 32

toxic/o

Answer 32

poison

Question 33

-gen

Answer 33

beginning, origin

Question 34

-physis

Answer 34

growth

Question 35

-tropic

Answer 35

stimulate

Question 36

-tropin

Answer 36

that which stimulates

Question 37

-uria

Answer 37

urine, urination

Question 38

hormone: adrenaline What endocrine gland? Function?

Answer 38

adrenals; potent stimulation of "fight or flight"; increasing blood pressure and cardiac output

Question 39

hormone: androgen (testosterone) What endocrine gland? Function?

Answer 39

testicle; development and maintenance of masculinizing characteristics

Question 40

hormone: antidiuretic hormone (ADH) What endocrine gland? Function?

Answer 40

pituitary (synthesized by the hypothalamus); suppression of urine formation

Question 41

hormone: cortisone What endocrine gland? Function?

Answer 41

adrenals; important in regulation of body metabolism

Question 42

hormone: estrogens (female sex hormone; includes estradiol and estrone) What endocrine gland? Function?

Answer 42

ovaries (primarily); during menstrual cycle, act on the female genitalia to produce a suitable site for fertilization, implantation, and nutrition of the early embryo

Question 43

hormone: growth hormone What endocrine gland? Function?

Answer 43

pituitary; stimulation of body growth and maintenance of size once growth has been obtained

Question 44

hormone: insulin What endocrine gland? Function?

Answer 44

pancreas; regulation of blood glucose by coordinating with other hormones

Question 45

hormone: thyroxine What endocrine gland? Function?

Answer 45

thyroid; cell metabolism

Question 46

abnormally increased activity of the thyroid

Answer 46

hyperthyroidism

Question 47

ex-

Answer 47

outward

Question 48

eu-

Answer 48

normal

Question 49

decreased activity of the thyroid

Answer 49

hypothyroidism

Question 50

disorder associated with a deficiency of ADH produced by the pituitary gland or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH

Answer 50

diabetes insipidus

Question 51

disorder in which there is abnormal enlargement of the extremities of the skeleton -- nose, jaws, fingers, and toes -- caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone after maturity

Answer 51

acromegaly

Question 52

tumor of a gland

Answer 52

adenoma

Question 53

condition caused by congenital deficiency of thyroid secretion and marked by arrested physical and mental development

Answer 53

cretinism

Question 54

disease caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone sizing childhood; causes a person to be much smaller than normal size

Answer 54

dwarfism

Question 55

condition in which a person reaches an abnormal stature; results from a hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood

Answer 55

gigantism

Question 56

excessive secretion of insulin by the pancreas, which causes hypoglycemia

Answer 56

hyperinsulinism

Question 57

increased activity of the parathyroid glands

Answer 57

hyperparathyroidism

Question 58

abnormally low blood sugar

Answer 58

hypoglycemia

Question 59

decreased activity of the parathyroid glands

Answer 59

hypoparathyroidism

Question 60

diminished activity of the pituitary gland

Answer 60

hypopituitarism

Question 61

condition resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland, characterized by a dry, waxy swelling of the skin

Answer 61

myxedema

Question 62

morbid condition caused by excessive thyroid secretion

Answer 62

thyrotoxicosis

Question 63

surgical removal or destruction of the hypophysis/pituitary

Answer 63

hypophysectomy

Question 64

excision of the thyroid

Answer 64

thyroidectomy

Question 65

excision of an adrenal gland

Answer 65

adrenalectomy

Question 66

excision/removal of a gland

Answer 66

adenectomy