Ch 14 Special Sense Organs and the PNS (Eyes)

Question 1

consists of nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

PNS

Question 2

sensory nerve endings that respond to various kinds of stimulation

Answer 2

receptors

Question 3

special sense organs

Answer 3

eyes, ears, skin, mouth, and nose

Question 4

small dark circular structure in the center of the eye

Answer 4

pupil

Question 5

colored portion of the eye; contracts or relaxes to control the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil

Answer 5

iris

Question 6

tough outer layer of the eye

Answer 6

sclera

Question 7

accessory organs of the eye (6)

Answer 7

muscle, fascia, eyebrow, eyelid, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands

Question 8

mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelid

Answer 8

conjunctiva

Question 9

produce and store tears

Answer 9

lacrimal glands

Question 10

refraction of light

Answer 10

cornea

Question 11

blood supply

Answer 11

choroid

Question 12

word to describe the refractory adjustment for close vision

Answer 12

accommodation

Question 13

blind spot of the eye

Answer 13

optic disc

Question 14

responsible for peripheral vision, night vision, and detection of motion

Answer 14

rods

Question 15

responsible for color and central vision

Answer 15

cones

Question 16

daltonism

Answer 16

color blindness / weakness in which the green or red receptor cones are defected; inherited, sex-linked disorder

Question 17

achromatic vision

Answer 17

total color blindness; inability to see any color

Question 18

choroid/o

Answer 18

choroid

Question 19

chrom/o

Answer 19

color

Question 20

conjunctiv/o

Answer 20

conjunctiva

Question 21

corne/o, kerat/o

Answer 21

cornea

Question 22

dacry/o, lacrim/o

Answer 22

tear

Question 23

ir/o, irid/o

Answer 23

iris

Question 24

ocul/o, ophthalm/o

Answer 24

eye

Question 25

opt/o, optic/o

Answer 25

vision

Question 26

presby/o

Answer 26

old or old age

Question 27

pupill/o

Answer 27

pupil

Question 28

retin/o

Answer 28

retina

Question 29

ton/o

Answer 29

tone or tension

Question 30

secretion of vitreous fluid, helps change the shape of lens

Answer 30

ciliary body

Question 31

movement of the eyeball

Answer 31

external ocular muscles

Question 32

protection for the eye

Answer 32

eyelid

Question 33

light refraction

Answer 33

lens

Question 34

transmission of visual info to the brain

Answer 34

optic nerve

Question 35

transforms optic signals into nerve impulses

Answer 35

retina

Question 36

nearsightedness; parallel rays entering the eye are focused in front of the retina

Answer 36

myopia

Question 37

farsightedness, inability of the eyes to focus on nearby objects rays of light entering the eye are brought to focus behind the retina

Answer 37

hyperopia

Question 38

uneven focusing of the image, resulting from distortion of the curvature of the lens or cornea

Answer 38

astigmatism

Question 39

measurement of the intraocular pressure using a tonometer

Answer 39

tonometry

Question 40

hyperopia and impairment of vision d/t advancing years or old age

Answer 40

presbyopia

Question 41

agent that dilates the pupil

Answer 41

mydriatic

Question 42

ability of the eye to adjust to variations in distance

Answer 42

accommodation reflex

Question 43

uses fluorescein to examine movement of blood through blood vessels in the eye

Answer 43

fluorescein angiography

Question 44

reduced vision in one eye, not correctable by glasses but by wearing eye patch

Answer 44

amblyopia; aka strabismus

Question 45

inflammation of the eyelid

Answer 45

blepharitis

Question 46

abnormal progressive condition of the lens, characterized by loss of transparency

Answer 46

cataract

Question 47

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Answer 47

conjunctivitis; aka red eyes/pink eye

Question 48

abnormal condition of inc. pressure within the eye. Prolonged pressure can damage the retina and the optic nerve

Answer 48

glaucoma

Question 49

sty, resulting from an infected sebaceous gland of an eyelash

Answer 49

hordeolum

Question 50

progressive deterioration of the retina associated with new vessel formation that can progress to blindness

Answer 50

macular degeneration

Question 51

poor vision at night or in dim light

Answer 51

nyctalopia

Question 52

excessive sensitivity of the eyes to light

Answer 52

photophobia

Question 53

drooping of the upper eyelids

Answer 53

ptosis

Question 54

separation of the retina from the choroid, usually resulting from a hole or tear in the retina. If detachment is not halted, total blindness of the eye ultimately results

Answer 54

retinal detachment

Question 55

any disease of the retina

Answer 55

retinopathy

Question 56

profound inability to see color

Answer 56

achromatopsia