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A&P 1 > Ch. 9 Articulations > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 structural classes of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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2
Q

_________ Joint - Bones held together by dense connective tissue

A

Fibrous

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3
Q

_________ joint - Bones joined by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous

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4
Q

_________ joint - Bones joined by ligaments with fluid-filled joint cavity separating bone surfaces

A

Synovial

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5
Q

What are the 3 functional classes of joints?

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

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6
Q

____________ - Immobile joints, can be fibrous or cartilaginous

A

Synarthroses

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7
Q

_________ - slightly mobile joints, can be fibrous or cartilaginous

A

Amphiarthroses

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8
Q

___________ - Freely mobile joints, all synovial joints

A

Diarthroses

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9
Q

There is a tradeoff between mobility and ________ of joints

A

Stability

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10
Q

There is a tradeoff between _______ and stability of joints

A

Mobility

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11
Q

These are the three most common types of __________ joints.

Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses

A

Fibrous

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12
Q

Do fibrous joints have a joint cavity?

A

NO

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13
Q

What is the range of mobility for fibrous joints?

A

Immobile to slightly mobile

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14
Q

Peg in socket, fibrous joints are known as…

A

Gomphoses

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15
Q

Gomphoses, such as those that hold teeth in place and (immobile or slightly mobile)

A

Immobile (Synarthroses)

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16
Q

_____________- Membrane holds teeth in place

A

Periodontal

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17
Q

Syndesmoses are bound by __________ membrane, a broad ligamentous sheet

A

Interosseous

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18
Q

Cartilaginous joints are made up of either ___________ cartilage or _____________.

A

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage

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19
Q

Do Cartilaginous joints have a joint capsule?

A

No

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20
Q

_____________ - Bones joined by hyaline cartilage

A

Synchondroses

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21
Q

What is the mobility range of synchondroses?

A

Immobile (Synarthroses)

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22
Q

Examples of Synchondroses…

A

Epiphyseal Plate, Costochondral Joints

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23
Q

______________ - Pads of Fibrocartilage between articulating bones

A

Symphyses

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24
Q

What is the mobility range for Symphyses?

A

amphiarthroses (Slightly mobile)

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25
Q

Do synovial joints contain a joint cavity?

A

Yes

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26
Q

What is the mobility range of Synovial Joints?

A

Mobile (Diarthroses)

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27
Q

Synovial joint capsules contain an outer layer, known was ________ layer.

A

Fibrous

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28
Q

The Fibrous layer of joint capsules are made of _______ connective tissue

A

Dense (irregular)

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29
Q

The ____________ layer of joint capsules functions to prevent bones from being pulled apart.

A

Fibrous

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30
Q

The inner layer of joint capsules are known as _________ membrane.

A

Synovial

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31
Q

Synovial membrane is made of simple ____________ epithelium on ___________ connective tissue.

A

Squamous / Areolar

32
Q

The _________ of joint capsule covers internal joints surfaces not covered by cartilage.

A

Synovial membrane or Inner layer

33
Q

____________ Membrane - helps produce synovial fluid.

A

Synovial membrane

34
Q

Articular cartilage is made up of ________ Cartilage

A

Hyaline

35
Q

Does articular cartilage contain blood vessels?

A

No, it is avascular

36
Q

___________ ____________ is a viscous, oily substance that lubricates articular cartilage, nourishes and removes waste from chondrocytes, and acts as a shock absorber.

A

Synovial fluid

37
Q

Ligaments are made up of _____________ CT

A

Dense Regular CT

38
Q

Ligaments connect __________ to ________.

A

Bone 2 Bone

39
Q

Ligaments stabilize, strengthen, and reinforce __________ joints.

A

Synovial

40
Q

Tendons are composed of ____________ CT

A

Dense Regular CT

41
Q

Tendons are or are not part of synovial joints?

A

Are NOT

42
Q

Tendons connect _____ to ______

A

Muscle to bone

43
Q

Sensory nerves and blood vessels are numerous in ___________ joints.

A

Synovial

44
Q

pocket of synovial membrane and fluid that alleviated friction

A

Bursae

45
Q

Can fill spaces when joint shape changes, act as protective packing material

A

Fat pads

46
Q

Elongated bursae that wrap around tendons where friction is excessive

A

Tendon Sheaths

47
Q

Glenohumeral (Shoulder) joint is what type of joint?

A

Ball and socket

48
Q

What is the most unstable, and most frequently dislocated joint?

A

Shoulder

49
Q

The glenoid labrum is made up of what type of cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage

50
Q

Fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the socket of the hip joint…

A

Acetabular Labrum

51
Q

What is the largest and most complex diarthrosis?

A

Knee Joint

52
Q

_________ ligament - extends from patella to tibial tuberosity

A

Patellar Ligament

53
Q

Prevents hyperextension and anterior displacement of tibia…

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

54
Q

Prevents hyperflexion and posterior displacement of the tibia

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

55
Q

Type of arthritis caused by increased levels of Uric acid

A

Gout/Gouty Arthritis

56
Q

Degenerative Joint condition due to wearing down of Articular cartilage.

A

Osteoarthritis

57
Q

Autoimmune disorder that starts with synovial membrane inflammation

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

58
Q

Synovial joints are classified by ________ allowed, and shapes of joint surfaces

A

Movement

59
Q

Joint where bone moves in one plane or axis

A

Uniaxial

60
Q

Joint where bone moves in two planes or axes

A

Biaxial Joint

61
Q

Joint where bone moves in multiple planes or axis

A

Multiaxial Joint

62
Q

What type of synovial joint has Articular flat surfaces?

A

Plane Joint

63
Q

What type of synovial joints are uniaxial?

A

Plane, Hinge, Pivot

64
Q

What type of synovial joints are biaxial?

A

Condylar, and Saddle

65
Q

What type of synovial joints are Multiaxial?

A

Ball-and-socket

66
Q

Movement that decreases the angle between bones in anterior-posterior plane, bending

A

Flexion

67
Q

Movement that increases the angle between articulating bones in anterior-posterior plane, straightening

A

Extension

68
Q

Movement where a joint is extended more than 180 degrees

A

Hyperextension

69
Q

Movement where trunk of body is moving in coronal plane laterally, occurs between vertebrae in the cervical and lumbar region.

A

Lateral flexion

70
Q

Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline…

A

Abduction

71
Q

Medial movement of body part toward the midline…

A

Adduction

72
Q

When appendage moves in a cone shape…

A

Circumduction

73
Q

Movement where foot is lifted toward the shin

A

Dorsiflexion

74
Q

Movement like standing on the toes

A

Plantar flexion

75
Q

When sole of the foot turns medially

A

Inversion

76
Q

When sole of the foot turns laterally

A

Eversion

77
Q

Movement of thumb toward tips of fingers, enables the thumb to grasp objects

A

Opposition

A&P 1 (17 decks)

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