Ch. 9 Articulations Flashcards
What are the 3 structural classes of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
_________ Joint - Bones held together by dense connective tissue
Fibrous
_________ joint - Bones joined by cartilage
Cartilaginous
_________ joint - Bones joined by ligaments with fluid-filled joint cavity separating bone surfaces
Synovial
What are the 3 functional classes of joints?
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
____________ - Immobile joints, can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Synarthroses
_________ - slightly mobile joints, can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Amphiarthroses
___________ - Freely mobile joints, all synovial joints
Diarthroses
There is a tradeoff between mobility and ________ of joints
Stability
There is a tradeoff between _______ and stability of joints
Mobility
These are the three most common types of __________ joints.
Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses
Fibrous
Do fibrous joints have a joint cavity?
NO
What is the range of mobility for fibrous joints?
Immobile to slightly mobile
Peg in socket, fibrous joints are known as…
Gomphoses
Gomphoses, such as those that hold teeth in place and (immobile or slightly mobile)
Immobile (Synarthroses)
_____________- Membrane holds teeth in place
Periodontal
Syndesmoses are bound by __________ membrane, a broad ligamentous sheet
Interosseous
Cartilaginous joints are made up of either ___________ cartilage or _____________.
Hyaline, Fibrocartilage
Do Cartilaginous joints have a joint capsule?
No
_____________ - Bones joined by hyaline cartilage
Synchondroses
What is the mobility range of synchondroses?
Immobile (Synarthroses)
Examples of Synchondroses…
Epiphyseal Plate, Costochondral Joints
______________ - Pads of Fibrocartilage between articulating bones
Symphyses
What is the mobility range for Symphyses?
amphiarthroses (Slightly mobile)
Do synovial joints contain a joint cavity?
Yes
What is the mobility range of Synovial Joints?
Mobile (Diarthroses)
Synovial joint capsules contain an outer layer, known was ________ layer.
Fibrous
The Fibrous layer of joint capsules are made of _______ connective tissue
Dense (irregular)
The ____________ layer of joint capsules functions to prevent bones from being pulled apart.
Fibrous
The inner layer of joint capsules are known as _________ membrane.
Synovial
Synovial membrane is made of simple ____________ epithelium on ___________ connective tissue.
Squamous / Areolar
The _________ of joint capsule covers internal joints surfaces not covered by cartilage.
Synovial membrane or Inner layer
____________ Membrane - helps produce synovial fluid.
Synovial membrane
Articular cartilage is made up of ________ Cartilage
Hyaline
Does articular cartilage contain blood vessels?
No, it is avascular
___________ ____________ is a viscous, oily substance that lubricates articular cartilage, nourishes and removes waste from chondrocytes, and acts as a shock absorber.
Synovial fluid
Ligaments are made up of _____________ CT
Dense Regular CT
Ligaments connect __________ to ________.
Bone 2 Bone
Ligaments stabilize, strengthen, and reinforce __________ joints.
Synovial
Tendons are composed of ____________ CT
Dense Regular CT
Tendons are or are not part of synovial joints?
Are NOT
Tendons connect _____ to ______
Muscle to bone
Sensory nerves and blood vessels are numerous in ___________ joints.
Synovial
pocket of synovial membrane and fluid that alleviated friction
Bursae
Can fill spaces when joint shape changes, act as protective packing material
Fat pads
Elongated bursae that wrap around tendons where friction is excessive
Tendon Sheaths
Glenohumeral (Shoulder) joint is what type of joint?
Ball and socket
What is the most unstable, and most frequently dislocated joint?
Shoulder
The glenoid labrum is made up of what type of cartilage?
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the socket of the hip joint…
Acetabular Labrum
What is the largest and most complex diarthrosis?
Knee Joint
_________ ligament - extends from patella to tibial tuberosity
Patellar Ligament
Prevents hyperextension and anterior displacement of tibia…
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Prevents hyperflexion and posterior displacement of the tibia
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Type of arthritis caused by increased levels of Uric acid
Gout/Gouty Arthritis
Degenerative Joint condition due to wearing down of Articular cartilage.
Osteoarthritis
Autoimmune disorder that starts with synovial membrane inflammation
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Synovial joints are classified by ________ allowed, and shapes of joint surfaces
Movement
Joint where bone moves in one plane or axis
Uniaxial
Joint where bone moves in two planes or axes
Biaxial Joint
Joint where bone moves in multiple planes or axis
Multiaxial Joint
What type of synovial joint has Articular flat surfaces?
Plane Joint
What type of synovial joints are uniaxial?
Plane, Hinge, Pivot
What type of synovial joints are biaxial?
Condylar, and Saddle
What type of synovial joints are Multiaxial?
Ball-and-socket
Movement that decreases the angle between bones in anterior-posterior plane, bending
Flexion
Movement that increases the angle between articulating bones in anterior-posterior plane, straightening
Extension
Movement where a joint is extended more than 180 degrees
Hyperextension
Movement where trunk of body is moving in coronal plane laterally, occurs between vertebrae in the cervical and lumbar region.
Lateral flexion
Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline…
Abduction
Medial movement of body part toward the midline…
Adduction
When appendage moves in a cone shape…
Circumduction
Movement where foot is lifted toward the shin
Dorsiflexion
Movement like standing on the toes
Plantar flexion
When sole of the foot turns medially
Inversion
When sole of the foot turns laterally
Eversion
Movement of thumb toward tips of fingers, enables the thumb to grasp objects
Opposition
