Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue

Question 1

Started on Slide. 27

Answer 1

Started on Slide 27

Question 2

Muscle fibers have abundant ___________ (hint: organelle) for ATP production

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

Molecule that bonds and stores oxygen for aerobic respiration in muscle cells

Answer 3

Myoglobin

Question 4

Molecule that is stored for when fuel is needed quickly

Answer 4

Glycogen

Question 5

Molecule that can quickly give up its phosphate group to help replenish ATP supply

Answer 5

Creatinine Phosphate

Question 6

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls

Answer 6

Motor Unit

Question 7

_________ motor units allow for precise control of force output

Answer 7

Small

Question 8

_________ motor units allow for production of large amount of force

Answer 8

Large

Question 9

Location. where motor neuron innervates muscle

Answer 9

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 10

The ___________ is the expanded tip of motor neuron axon, that houses synaptic vesicles, and has voltage-gated Ca⁺ channels in the membrane.

Answer 10

Synaptic Knob

Question 11

Synaptic Vesicles are small sacs filled with the neurotransmitter _______________

Answer 11

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 12

The synaptic knob has _____________-gated Ca⁺ channels in its membrane.

Answer 12

Voltage

Question 13

If the Ca⁺ channels of the synaptic knob open, Calcium flows _____ the cell, down their concentration gradient

Answer 13

INTO

Question 14

The specialized region of sarcolemma w/ numerous folds and many ACh receptors.

Answer 14

Motor End plate

Question 15

ACh receptors are opened by the binding of _____________, and allow for entry of Na+ and exit of K+

Answer 15

ACh, Acetylcholine

Question 16

ACh receptors are opened by the binding of ACh, and allow for entry of ____ and exit of _____

Answer 16

Entry of Sodium (Na+)

Exit of Potassium (K+)

Question 17

The narrow fluid filled space that separates the motor end plat4e and the synaptic knob.

Answer 17

Synaptic Cleft

Question 18

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) resides here

Answer 18

Synaptic cleft

Question 19

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh via

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

Muscle Fibers exhibit __________ membrane potential (RMP)

Answer 20

Resting

Question 21

RMP of a muscle cell is about ________ mV

Answer 21

-90

Question 22

RMP of muscle cells are set by _______ channels and Na+/K+ pumps

Answer 22

leak

Question 23

How are skeletal muscles stimulated?

1. Neuron excites the muscle fiber
2. The nerve signal travels down the axon and opens __________-gated Ca²⁺ channels
3. Ca²⁺ then diffuses into the synaptic knob
4. Ca²⁺ binds to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles
5. Vesicles merge with cell membrane at synaptic knob
6. ACh is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis
7. ACh diffuses across the cleft, binds the receptors, and excites the muscle fiber

Answer 23

Voltage

Question 24

How are skeletal muscles stimulated?

1. Neuron excites the muscle fiber
2. The nerve signal travels down the axon and opens voltage-gated ____ channels
3. _____ then diffuses into the synaptic knob
4. _____ binds to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles
5. Vesicles merge with cell membrane at synaptic knob
6. ACh is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis
7. ACh diffuses across the cleft, binds the receptors, and excites the muscle fiber

Answer 24

Ca²⁺

Question 25

How are skeletal muscles stimulated?

1. Neuron excites the muscle fiber
2. The nerve signal travels down the axon and opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels
3. Ca²⁺ then diffuses into the synaptic knob
4. Ca²⁺ binds to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles
5. Vesicles merge with cell membrane at synaptic knob
6. _____ is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis
7. _____ diffuses across the cleft, binds the receptors, and excites the muscle fiber

Answer 25

ACh, Acetylcholine

Question 26

How are skeletal muscles stimulated?

1. Neuron excites the muscle fiber
2. The nerve signal travels down the axon and opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels
3. Ca²⁺ then diffuses into the synaptic knob
4. Ca²⁺ binds to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles
5. Vesicles merge with cell membrance at synaptic knob
6. ACh is released into the synaptic cleft via ___________
7. ACh diffuses across the cleft, binds the receptors, and excites the muscle fiber

Answer 26

Exocytosis

Question 27

An autoimmune disease where antibodies bind to ACh receptors in neuromuscular junctions, and ACh receptors are subsequently removed from muscle fiber. Results in decreased muscle stimulation, rapid fatigue and weakness. Eye and facial muscles are often involved first

Answer 27

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 28

____________-__________ Coupling: stimulation of the muscle fiber is coupled with the sliding of filaments.

Answer 28

Excitation-Contraction

Question 29

Excitation-contraction coupling

1. ACh receptors open after ________ binds to them (__________- gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na⁺ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as End-plate potential (EPP)
4. EPP leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca²⁺ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca ²⁺ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca²⁺ is present.

Answer 29

ACh

Chemically-gated

Question 30

Excitation-contraction coupling

1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for ____ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as End-plate potential (EPP)
4. EPP leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca²⁺ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca ²⁺ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca²⁺ is present.

Answer 30

Na⁺

Question 31

Excitation-contraction coupling

1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na⁺ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as End-plate potential (EPP)
4. EPP leads to the opening of ________-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca²⁺ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca ²⁺ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca²⁺ is present.

Answer 31

Voltage

Question 32

Excitation-contraction coupling

1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na⁺ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as End-plate potential (EPP)
4. EPP leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens _________-gated _______ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca²⁺ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca ²⁺ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca²⁺ is present.

Answer 32

Voltage-Gated

Ca²⁺ channels

Question 33

Excitation-contraction coupling

1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na⁺ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as End-plate potential (EPP)
4. EPP leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca²⁺ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca²⁺ binds to ________
9. Calcium-bound _________, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca²⁺ is present.

Answer 33

Troponin

Question 34

Excitation-contraction coupling

1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na⁺ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as End-plate potential (EPP)
4. EPP leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca²⁺ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca ²⁺ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes __________ to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca²⁺ is present.

Answer 34

Tropomyosin

Question 35

Excitation-contraction coupling

1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na⁺ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as End-plate potential (EPP)
4. EPP leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca²⁺ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca ²⁺ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on _______ is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca²⁺ is present.

Answer 35

Actin