Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 > Ch. 13 Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

4 Major Portions of the Brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Diencephalon
  4. BrainStem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ridges of outer surface of brain

A

Gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Depressions of outer surface of brain

A

Sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Deep Sulci of outer surface of brain

A

Fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Another term for Anterior

A

Rostral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Another term for rostral

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Another term for posterior

A

Caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_______ Matter: Made of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and Unmyelinated axons.

A

Gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of brain matter contains unmyelinated axons?

A

Grey Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gray matter surface of the cerebrum

A

Cerebral Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Regions of grey matter (clusters of cell bodies) found deep in the cerebrum

A

Cerebral Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_________ Matter: Consists of myelinated axons

A

White

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Connective tissue membrane surrounding the CNS

A

Meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This meninges is the most superficial, termed “tough mother”

A

Dura Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dura Mater is made of what type of CT

A

Dense irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This meninges is made of web like collagen and elastic fibers

A

Arachnoid Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This meninges is bound tightly to the brain

A

Pia Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pia mater is made of what type of CT

A

Areolar CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The epidural and subdural spaces between Meninges contains ___________

A

Blood Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The subarachnoid space contains ___________

A

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cavities filled with CSF and lined with Ependymal Cells.

A

Ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clear, colorless liquid surrounding CNS.

Provides buoyancy, cushioning, and stable chemical environment.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The choroid plexus forms….

A

CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In the Blood Brain Barrier, endothelial cells are connected by many ______ Junctions.

A

Tight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In the Blood Brain Barrier, specialized capillaries are wrapped by ______________ feet (Astrocyte Extensions)

A

Perivascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The BBB functions to…

  1. _________ the substances entering brain’s interstitial fluid
  2. Helps prevent neuron exposure to __________ substances (ex. drugs, waste)
A
  1. Regulate
    1. Harmful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Origin of all complex intellectual functions

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Made up of two large hemispheres on superior aspect of the brain

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The _________ is the center of…

Intelligence and reasoning, memory, judgement, voluntary motor activities.

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The largest white matter tract connecting the 2 hemispheres of the Cerebrum.

A

Corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In the cerebrum, connections with the body are normally __________.

A

crossed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In the Cerebrum, the left hemisphere receives sensory signals from the _______ side of the body and sends motor signals to the _______ side of the body.

A

Right & Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Term recognizing that a few higher-order functions are primarily controlled by one side of the brain

A

Lateralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Speech is frequently located in _______ cerebral hemisphere.

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The Primary Motor Cortex is part of what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The primary motor cortex is located in the ____________ gyrus, of the frontal lobe.

A

Precentral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum controls skeletal muscle activity on opposite sides of the body.

A

Primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Motor_____________; a map of controlled body regions whose proportions reflect the amount of cortex dedicated to each region

A

Homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum controls movements for vocalization.

A

Motor speech Area // Broca Area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum coordinates learned, skilled activites

A

Premotor Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Broca’s area (Motor speech area) is found in what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Premotor Cortex is found in what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The Somatic Motor Association Area is also known as the…

A

Premotor Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum receives somatic sensory information from… Proprioceptors, touch, pressure, pain, temp. receptors.

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum integrates touch information allowing for us to identify objects by feel

A

Somatosensory association area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The Primary Somatosensory cortex is found in what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The Somatosensory Association Area is found in what lobe of the Cerebrum?

A

Parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Sensory ________: Distorted proportions reflect the amount of sensory information collected from the region. Large regions for lips, fingers, genitals.

A

Homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum integrates color, form, and allows us to identify things from memory. Serves as visual association area.

A

Primary visual cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The Primary Visual cortex is located in what lobe of the Cerebrum?

A

Occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum is the auditory association area, interprets sounds, stores and retrieves memories of sounds.

A

Primary Auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Temporal

53
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum provides conscious awareness of smells.

A

Primary Olfactory Cortex

54
Q

The Primary olfactory cortex is found in what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Temporal

55
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum is located within the insula and is involved in processing taste information.

A

Primary Gustatory Cortex

56
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for complex thought, judgement, personality, planning, and decision making.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

57
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum is involved in language comprehension.

A

Wernicke’s Area

58
Q

This functional area of the cerebrum integrates information from a variety of sensory association areas. Sights, smells, sound converge and brain becomes aware of situation.

A

Gnostic area // Common Integrative Area

59
Q

_________ tracts: groups of white matter within the same hemisphere.

A

Association

60
Q

________________ tracts: groups of white matter between 2 hemispheres. Ex. Corpus Callosum

A

Commissural

61
Q

__________ tracts: Link cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions and spinal cord

(ex. Internal Capsule)

A

Projection

62
Q

Cerebral _______: grey matter deep in cerebrum that help regulate motor output

A

Nuclei

63
Q

__________ Nucleus: Helps produce pattern and rhythm of walking movements.

A

Caudate

64
Q

Disease of these nuclei are associated with involuntary movements

A

cerebral nuclei

65
Q

__________ Nucleus: Made up of Putamen and Globus Pallidus

A

Lentiform

66
Q

____________: Part of Lentiform Nucleus, helps control movements at subconscious level

A

Putamen

67
Q

__________________: Part of Lentiform Nucleus, influences thalamus to adjust muscle tone

A

Globus Pallidus

68
Q

______________ Body is also known as the Amygdala

A

Amygdaloid

69
Q

Amygdaloid body is a ___________ nuclei.

A

Cerebral

70
Q

This part of the cerebral nuclei functions in mood, and emotions

A

Amygdala

71
Q

This part of the cerebral nuclei processes visual information on a subconscious level.

A

Claustrum

72
Q

This part of the cerebral nuclei has a striated or striped appearance of the internal capsule, and includes the Caudate nucleus and Lentiform nucleus

A

Corpus Striatum

73
Q

______________: Provides relays and switching centers for sensory, motor, and visceral pathways.

A

Diencephalon

74
Q

_____________: Includes Epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

A

Diencephalon

75
Q

The epithalamus covers what ventricle/

A

third

76
Q

The pineal gland and habenular nuclei are found in what structure?

A

Epithalamus

77
Q

____________ gland: Endocrine gland secreting melatonin, responsible for circadian rhythm

A

Pineal

78
Q

___________ nuclei: Helps relay signals from limbic system to midbrain, involved in visceral and emotional responses to odors

A

Habenular

79
Q

Oval masses of grey matter on lateral sides of third ventricle

A

Thalamus

80
Q

Connects left and right thalamus

A

Interthalamic region

81
Q

The thalamus receives signals from all conscious senses except…

A

Olfaction

82
Q

Thalamus is composed of ~12 ___________ nuclei

A

Thalamic

83
Q

_____________: stalk of pituitary that extends from hypothalamus

A

Infundibulum

84
Q

This region of the Diencephalon is responsible for… HR, BP, body temp, emotional bx, food and water intake, and sleep-wake rhythms.

A

Hypothalamus

85
Q

Connects the cerebrum, diencephalon, and cerebellum to spinal cord.

A

Brain stem

86
Q

The brainstem contains ___________ and ________ tracts.

A

Ascending & Descending

87
Q

Contains autonomic nuclei, nuclei of cranial nerves, and reflex centers.

A

Brain Stem

88
Q

____________: Consists of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

A

Brainstem

89
Q

Cerebral _________ of Midbrain carry voluntary motor commands from primary motor cortex, via motor tracts

A

Penduncles

90
Q

_____________: contains 4 mounds, making a tectal plate

A

Tectum

91
Q

___________ Colliculi of Tectal plate control visual reflexes and tracking.

A

Superior

92
Q

___________ Colliculi of Tectal plate control Auditory Reflexes

A

inferior

93
Q

Medial ____________: part of midbrain that has bands of ascending, myelinated axons running through the brainstem.

A

Lemniscus

94
Q

Cluster of cells within midbrain, with black appearance d/t melanin.

A

Substantia Nigra

95
Q

This structure houses neurons producing dopamine

A

Substantia Nigra

96
Q

Degeneration of this structure results in Parkinson’s disease

A

Substantia Nigra

97
Q

This part of the midbrain is involved in postural motor control, contains red nuclei and reticular formation.

A

Tegmentum

98
Q

The Tegmentum houses nuclei of CN _____ and ______

A

III and IV

99
Q

This structure of the midbrain connects the third and fourth ventricles, and is surrounded by Periaqueductal gray matter

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

100
Q

Bulging region on anterior brainstem, includes sensory and motor tracts connecting brain to spinal cord

A

Pons

101
Q

The ________ includes the respiratory center, the superior olivary nuclei, and cranial nerve nuclei to CN V to CN VIII

A

Pons

102
Q

The Superior olivary nuclei in the Pons helps with sound _________________.

A

Localization

103
Q

The pons has cranial nerve nuclei for CN _____ TO CN _____

A

CN V to CN VIII

104
Q

This structure is continuous with the spinal cord inferiorly, and contains pyramids, olives.

A

Medulla Oblongata

105
Q

The ________ of the Medulla Oblongata house the corticospinal tracts for motor control.

A

Pyramids

106
Q

Most Corticospinal tract axons cross at the ______________ of the pyramids.

A

Decussation

107
Q

The _____________ of the medulla oblongata relay proprioceptive information to the cerebellum.

A

Olives

108
Q

Within the medulla oblongata, the ____________ center regulates the heart’s output.

A

Cardiac

109
Q

Within the medulla oblongata, the _____________ center regulates blood vessel diameter.

A

Vasomotor

110
Q

Within the medulla oblongata, the ______________ Respiratory Center contains nuclei for various functions including coughing, sneezing, vomiting.

A

Medullary

111
Q

Within the Medulla Oblongata, the Nucleus ____________ and Nucleus _______________ receive somatic sensory information, and send signals through medial lemniscus to thalamus.

A

Cuneatus and Gracilis

112
Q

The 2nd largest brain area

A

Cerebellum

113
Q

Convoluted surface of the Cerebellum with folia (folds)

A

Cerebellar Cortex

114
Q

The _________ of the Cerebellum receives sensory signals regarding the torso and balance.

A

Vermis

115
Q

The _____________ of the Cerebellum is the internal region of white matter.

A

Arbor Vitae

116
Q

The three Cerebellar Peduncles are:

___________: To midbrain

__________: To Pons

_____________: To Medulla Oblongata

A

Superior : To midbrain

Middle : To Pons

Inferior : To Medulla Oblongata

117
Q

This structure of the brain is responsible for coordinating and “fine-tuning” movements, helps maintain equilibrium and posture, and stores memories of previously learned movements.

A

Cerebellum

118
Q

Drugs and alcohol can impair the function of what brain region? Leading to disturbance of gait, loss of balance, and inability to detect proprioceptive information.

A

Cerebellum

119
Q

this system is also known as the “Emotional Brain”

A

Limbic System

120
Q

Composed of Cingulate Gyrus, Parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, fornix

A

Limbic System

121
Q

This structure helps form long-term memories

A

Hippocampus

(Hint: you would remember a hippo on campus)

122
Q

The Amygdala is responsible for emotions and emotional memory, especially what emotion?

A

Fear

123
Q

This structure connects the hippocampus with other limbic structures

A

Fornix

124
Q

Loosely organized grey matter of the brainstem.

A

Reticular Formation

125
Q

The motor component of the ___________________ regulates muscle tone via spinal cord connections.

A

Reticular Formation

126
Q

The sensory component of the reticular formation is also known a the…

A

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

127
Q

The Reticular activating system is the __________ component of the reticular formation

A

Sensory

128
Q

The _______________ of the Reticular formation is necessary for the highest state of consciousness.

A

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

A&P 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions