Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 > Ch. 14 Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

The spinal cord ends at what vertebra with the Conus Medullaris

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The spinal cord has 2 widened regions with a greater number of neurons… the regions supplying the upper limbs is the

A

Cervical Enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The spinal cord has 2 widened regions with a greater number of neurons… the regions supplying the lower limbs is the

A

Lumbar Enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spinal cord subdivisions give rise to ______ (#) spinal nerves

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Part of PNS, with origins of spinal nerves from conus medullaris and lumbosacral enlargement

A

Cauda Equine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thin strand of pia attaching conus medullaris to coccyx

A

Filum Terminale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Grooves on front of spinal cord

A

Anterior Median Fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Grooves on back of spinal cord

A

Posterior Median Sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___________ is a Meninges, a delicate layer adhering to spinal cord

A

Pia Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____________ Is a web-like layer of the Spinal Cord Meninges

A

Arachnoid Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Area deep to arachnoid mater through which CSF flows

A

Subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tough, outermost layer of spinal cord meninges

A

Dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__________ space is between dura and arachnoid mater

A

Subdural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

__________ space is between dura and vertebra

A

Epidural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Masses of ______ matter project from the center of the spinal cord

A

Grey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

__________ Horns house cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________ Horns house cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

A

Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_________ Horns house axons of sensory neurons and soma of interneurons

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This structure surrounds the central canal

A

Grey Commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sensory nuclei in ___________ horn contain interneurons.

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

___________ sensory nuclei receive signals from skin, muscle, joints

A

Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

____________ sensory nuclei receive signals from blood vessels, viscera.

A

Visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Motor Nuclei in __________ and ____________ horns contain motor neurons.

A

Anterior and Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

___________ motor nuclei (Anterior) innervate skelteal muscle.

A

Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_______________ motor nuclei (lateral) innervate smooth muscle, heart, glands.

A

Autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Funiculus are collectively known as “___________,” and are made of white matter.

A

Columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

____________ Funiculus - contains sensory tracts

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

___________ & ____________ Funiculus - Contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts

A

Lateral & Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ascending spinal pathways carry _________ information.

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Descending spinal pathways carry ______ information.

A

Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cell locations of spinal pathways:
Axons are in spinal cord __________

A

Tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cell locations of spinal pathways:
Cell bodies are in _________, spinal cord grey horns, and brain gray matter

A

Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Cell locations of spinal pathways:
Cell bodies are in ganglia, spinal cord grey horns, and brain ______ matter

A

Grey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Spinal pathways are ____________ (There is left and a right tract)

A

Paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Most spinal pathway ___________: Axons cross the midline

A

Decussate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Contralateral means

A

Axons cross the midline, Information from L side of body goes to right side of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ipsilateral means

A

Axons do not cross, Information from Left side of body goes to left side of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

There are ____ (#) neuron sensory pathways in the spinal cord

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

There are ____ (#) neuron Motor pathways in the spinal cord

A

2

40
Q

Each spinal nerve is formed from a merger of __________ root and _____________ root.

A

Anterior and Posterior

41
Q

__________ Root: Axons of motor neurons whose somas are in anterior and lateral horns

A

Anterior

42
Q

_________ Root: Axons of sensory neurons whose somas are in posterior root ganglion.

A

Posterior

43
Q

Branches (Rami) of Spinal Nerves:
_________ Ramus - Innervates muscles and skin of back

A

Posterior

44
Q

Branches (Rami) of Spinal Nerves:
___________ Ramus: Splits into multiple other branches, participates in plexuses.
Innervated anterior and lateral trunk, upper limb, and lower limb.

A

Anterior

45
Q

Branches (Rami) of Spinal Nerves:
__________ ____________: Autonomic fibers that extend between spinal nerve and sympathetic trunk ganglion.

A

Rami Communicantes

46
Q

Segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
Can help localize damage to spinal nerves
Involved in referred visceral pain

A

Dermatomes

47
Q

______________ nerves are located between ribs. Most thoracic anterior rami.

A

Intercostal

48
Q

Network of interweaving anterior rami

A

Nerve Plexus

49
Q

Four Main plexuses

A

Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, Sacral

50
Q

Branches of the Cervical plexus innervate: _________, ___________, and ________________

A

Neck, Head, and Shoulders

51
Q

In the cervical plexus, from rami C3-C5, gives rise to __________ nerve.

A

Phrenic

52
Q

The phrenic nerve innervates the …

A

Diapraghm

53
Q

Brachial plexus cords give rise to __ (#) major terminal branches

A

5

54
Q

Axillary Nerve
Median Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Radial Nerve
Ulnar Nerve

Are all part of what plexus.

A

Brachial

55
Q

Cervical plexus is made up of _________ Rami of C1-C4, and a fw axons of C5

A

Anterior

56
Q

Brachial Plexus is made up of _________ Rami of C5-T1, including trunks, divisions, and cords

A

Anterior

57
Q

____________ Plexus is made up of anterior Rami of L1-L4

A

Lumbar

58
Q

Terminal branches of _________ Plexus include:
Femoral Nerve
Obturator Nerve
Lumbosacral Trunk

A

Lumbar

59
Q

_________ Plexus is made up of anterior Rami of L4 - S4

A

Sacral

60
Q

Largest, and longest nerve in the body, part of Sacral Plexus

A

Sciatic Nerve

61
Q

Sciatic Nerve splits into

  • ____________ Nerve
  • Common _____________ Nerve
A

Tibial Nerve
Common Fibular Nerve

62
Q

A ___________ is required to initiate a reflex.

A

Stimulus

63
Q

Reflex responses are preprogrammed, meaning…

A

Response is always the same

64
Q

Neural pathway responsible for generating involuntary response to a stimulus.

A

Reflex Arc

65
Q

Steps of a Reflex Arc:

  1. ________ activates receptor
  2. Nerve signal is propagated through sensory neuron to the spinal cord
  3. Nerve signal is processed in the integration center of the spinal cord by interneurons
  4. Nerve signal is propagated by motor neuron to effector
  5. Effector responds
A

Stimulus

66
Q

Steps of a Reflex Arc:

  1. Stimulus activates receptor
  2. Nerve signal is propagated through sensory neuron to the ____________
  3. Nerve signal is processed in the integration center of the spinal cord by interneurons
  4. Nerve signal is propagated by motor neuron to effector
  5. Effector responds
A

Spinal Cord

67
Q

Steps of a Reflex Arc:

  1. Stimulus activates receptor
  2. Nerve signal is propagated through sensory neuron to the spinal cord
  3. Nerve signal is processed in the integration center of the spinal cord by ____________
  4. Nerve signal is propagated by motor neuron to effector
  5. Effector responds
A

Interneurons

68
Q

Steps of a Reflex Arc:

  1. Stimulus activates receptor
  2. Nerve signal is propagated through sensory neuron to the spinal cord
  3. Nerve signal is processed int he integration center of the spinal cord by interneurons
  4. Nerve signal is propagated by motor neuron to _________
  5. Effector responds
A

Effector

69
Q

Different classes of spinal reflexes:
Spinal or __________

A

Cranial

70
Q

Different classes of spinal reflexes:
Somatic or ______________

A

Visceral

71
Q

Different classes of spinal reflexes:
Monosynaptic or ____________-

A

Polysynaptic

72
Q

Different classes of spinal reflexes:
Ipsilateral or ______________

A

Contralateral

73
Q

Different classes of spinal reflexes:
Innate or ___________

A

Acquired

74
Q

_________ Reflex - Direct communication between sensory and motor neurons

A

Monosynaptic

75
Q

______________ Reflex - Interneuron facilitates sensory-motor communication

A

Polysynaptic

76
Q

Example of a monosynaptic reflex is…

A

Stretch reflex

77
Q

Example of a Polysynaptic reflex is …

A

Withdrawal reflex

78
Q

Stretch Reflex
Is classified as spinal or cranial?

A

Spinal

79
Q

Stretch reflex is classified as:
Somatic or visceral?

A

Somatic

80
Q

Stretch reflex is classified as:
Contralateral or Ipsilateral

A

Ipsilateral

81
Q

Stretch reflex is classified as
Innate or Acquired

A

Innate

82
Q
  • *Steps of Stretch Reflex Activation**
    1. Muscle spindle detects stretch
    2. Muscle stretch stimulates _____ nerve signals to travel to the CNS
    3. Sensory neuron synapses on motor neurons
    4. Motor neurons transmit nerve signals to muscle fibers, resulting in contraction of the muscles
    5. Interneurons synapse with motor neurons to antagonist muscles, inhibiting muscle contraction
A

Sensory

83
Q
  • *Steps of Stretch Reflex Activation**
    1. Muscle spindle detects stretch
    2. Muscle stretch stimulates sensory nerve signals to travel to the CNS
    3. Sensory neuron synapses on _______ neurons
    4. Motor neurons transmit nerve signals to muscle fibers, resulting in contraction of the muscles
    5. Interneurons synapse with motor neurons to antagonist muscles, inhibiting muscle contraction
A

Motor

84
Q
  • *Steps of Stretch Reflex Activation**
    1. Muscle spindle detects stretch
    2. Muscle stretch stimulates sensory nerve signals to travel to the CNS
    3. Sensory neuron synapses on motor neurons
    4. Motor neurons transmit nerve signals to _______ fibers, resulting in contraction of the muscles
    5. Interneurons synapse with motor neurons to antagonist muscles, inhibiting muscle contraction
A

Muscle

85
Q
  • *Steps of Stretch Reflex Activation**
    1. Muscle spindle detects stretch
    2. Muscle stretch stimulates sensory nerve signals to travel to the CNS
    3. Sensory neuron synapses on motor neurons
    4. Motor neurons transmit nerve signals to muscle fibers, resulting in contraction of the muscles
    5. ________ synapse with motor neurons to antagonist muscles, inhibiting muscle contraction
A

Interneurons

86
Q
  • *Steps of Stretch Reflex Activation**
    1. Muscle spindle detects stretch
    2. Muscle stretch stimulates sensory nerve signals to travel to the CNS
    3. Sensory neuron synapses on motor neurons
    4. Motor neurons transmit nerve signals to muscle fibers, resulting in contraction of the muscles
    5. Interneurons synapse with motor neurons to _________ muscles, inhibiting muscle contraction
A

Antagonist

87
Q

Example of Stretch Reflex

A

Knee Jerk, when doctor taps your patellar tendon cause quadricep muscle to strecth

88
Q

Steps of Golgi Tendon Reflex

  1. Muscle contraction increases tension to tendons, detected by __________ organ
  2. Muscle contraction stimulates sensory nerve signals that travel to the CNS
  3. Sensory neurons stimulate interneurons within the spinal cord
  4. Interneurons inhibit motor neurons to muscle, and stimulate motor neurons to antagonistic muscles
  5. Muscle relaxes and there is relief of tension on the tendon
A

Golgi Tendon

89
Q

Steps of Golgi Tendon Reflex

  1. Muscle contraction increases tension to tendons, detected by Golgi tendon organ
  2. Muscle contraction stimulates _______ nerve signals that travel to the _____
  3. Sensory neurons stimulate interneurons within the spinal cord
  4. Interneurons inhibit motor neurons to muscle, and stimulate motor neurons to antagonistic muscles
  5. Muscle relaxes and there is relief of tension on the tendon
A

Sensory nerve

Travel to the CNS

90
Q

Steps of Golgi Tendon Reflex

  1. Muscle contraction increases tension to tendons, detected by Golgi tendon organ
  2. Muscle contraction stimulates sensory nerve signals that travel to the CNS
  3. Sensory neurons stimulate interneurons within the _____________
  4. Interneurons inhibit motor neurons to muscle, and stimulate motor neurons to antagonistic muscles
  5. Muscle relaxes and there is relief of tension on the tendon
A

Spinal Cord

91
Q

Steps of Golgi Tendon Reflex

  1. Muscle contraction increases tension to tendons, detected by Golgi tendon organ
  2. Muscle contraction stimulates sensory nerve signals that travel to the CNS
  3. Sensory neurons stimulate interneurons within the spinal cord
  4. Interneurons ______ motor neurons to muscle, and ________ motor neurons to antagonistic muscles
  5. Muscle relaxes and there is relief of tension on the tendon
A

Inhibit motor neurons to muscle

Stimulate/Excite motor neurons to antagonistic muscles

92
Q

Steps of withdrawal & crossed-extensor reflex

  1. ________ stimulus is detected by sensory neurons
  2. Sensory nerve signal detected by interneurons
  3. Interneurons stimulate motor neurons to flexors, resulting in withdrawal of limb from painful stimulus
  4. Other interneurons cross to the opposite side and stimulate motor neurons to extensors on other side of the body, resulting in extensor contraction and support of body weight
A

Painful

93
Q

Steps of withdrawal & crossed-extensor reflex

  1. Painful stimulus is detected by sensory neurons
  2. Sensory nerve signal detected by ____________
  3. Interneurons stimulate motor neurons to flexors, resulting in withdrawal of limb from painful stimulus
  4. Other interneurons cross to the opposite side and stimulate motor neurons to extensors on other side of the body, resulting in extensor contraction and support of body weight
A

Interneurons

94
Q

Steps of withdrawal & crossed-extensor reflex

  1. Painful stimulus is detected by sensory neurons
  2. Sensory nerve signal detected by interneurons
  3. Interneurons stimulate motor neurons to flexors, resulting in __________ of limb from painful stimulus
  4. Other interneurons cross to the opposite side and stimulate motor neurons to extensors on other side of the body, resulting in extensor contraction and support of body weight
A

withdrawal

95
Q

Steps of withdrawal & crossed-extensor reflex

  1. Painful stimulus is detected by sensory neurons
  2. Sensory nerve signal detected by interneurons
  3. Interneurons stimulate motor neurons to flexors, resulting in withdrawal of limb from painful stimulus
  4. Other interneurons cross to the opposite side and stimulate motor neurons to extensors on other side of the body, resulting in extensor___________ and support of ____________
A

Extensor contraction

Support of body weight

A&P 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions