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A&P 1 > Ch. 3: Energy, Rxns, And Cell Respiration > Flashcards

Ch. 3: Energy, Rxns, And Cell Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

The capacity to do work.

A

Energy

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2
Q

Energy of motion.

A

Kinetic Energy

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3
Q

Energy of position or stored energy

A

Potential energy

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4
Q

What is the most important form of energy in the body? It is released when bonds are broken during rxns.

A

Chemical energy

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5
Q

___________ Energy: Movement of charged particles

A

Electrical

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6
Q

__________ energy: objects in motion due to applied force

A

Mechanical

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7
Q

_________ energy: Molecule compression caused by a vibrating object.

A

Sound

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8
Q

_________ energy: Energy of electromagnetic waves

A

Radiant

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9
Q

The Kinetic energy of random motion produces….

A

Heat

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10
Q

Term that describes all biochemical reactions in a living organism.

A

Metabolism

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11
Q

Catabolic Reaction (Decomposition)

A

Reaction where an initial large molecule is broken down into smaller structures.

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12
Q

Anabolic Reaction (Synthesis)

A

Reaction where two or more molecules are combined to form a larger molecule.

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13
Q

Type of reaction with both decomposition and synthesis reactions where groups are exchanged between two chemical structures.

A

Exchange reaction

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14
Q

Redox reactions: where _________ are moved from one chemical structure to another.

A

Electrons

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15
Q

Oxidation is ____________ an electron.

A

Losing

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16
Q

Reduction is __________ an electron

A

Gaining

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17
Q

Oxidation and reduction reactions always occur…

A

Together

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18
Q

In an example of a redox reaction… NAD+ is ___________ to form NADH

A

Reduced

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19
Q

Exergonic Reaction: When reactants have ________ potential energy within their chemical bonds than the products.

A

More.

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20
Q

In exergonic reactions, energy is __________

A

Released

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21
Q

Endergonic Reaction: reactants have _________ potential energy within their chemical bonds than products.

A

Less

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22
Q

In an endergonic reaction, energy is __________

A

Supplied.

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23
Q

What is the energy currency of the cell?

A

ATP

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24
Q

A reversible reactions will remain in _________ if left undisturbed.

A

Equilibrium

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25
Q

Where do reactants attach to enzymes?

A

At the active site

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26
Q

________________ hypothesis: Enzymes change shape to accommodate the shape of specific reactants.

A

Induced fit

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27
Q

_____________ : combine with active site and activate enzymes

A

Cofactors

28
Q

Organic cofactors

A

Coenzymes

29
Q

The energy required to break existing chemical bonds in an enzyme rxn.

A

Activation energy

30
Q

Enzymes ___________ the activation energy of cellular rxns

A

Decrease

31
Q

The law of _______________ says… increasing the amount of reactants will increase the rxn rate in the forward direction. And increasing the amount of products will increase the reaction rate in the reverse direction.

A

Mass action

32
Q

What conditions influence the reaction rates of enzymes?

A

pH and Temp.

33
Q

Addition of a phosphate group is performed by…

A

Protein Kinases

34
Q

Removal of a phosphate group is performed by _____________

A

Phosphatases.

35
Q

Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation can activate and inactivate ___________

A

Enzymes.

36
Q

Cellular respiration is an exergonic or endergonic reaction?

A

Exergonic

37
Q

___________ is required for cellular respiration

A

Oxygen

38
Q

Glucose ___________ step-by-step breakdown of glucose with energy release.

A

Oxidation

39
Q

Products of glucose oxidation include carbon dioxide and ________.

A

Water

40
Q

Products of glucose oxidation include _____________ and water.

A

Carbon dioxide

41
Q

Substrate level ___________ - A phosphate group is directly transferred from a metabolic intermediate ADP to form ATP

A

phosphorylation

42
Q

___________________ phosphorylation - Indirect process where energy transfer to co-enzyme first then transferred to form ATP.

A

Oxidative

43
Q

Most ATP is formed through which type of phosphorylation?

A

Oxidative

44
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation requires the electron _________ system and oxygen

A

transport

45
Q

4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation

  1. _________
  2. Intermediate stage
  3. Citric Acid Cycle
  4. Electron Transport System
A

Glycolysis

46
Q

4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation

  1. Glycolysis
  2. ____________
  3. Citric Acid Cycle
  4. Electron Transport System
A

Intermediate stage

47
Q

4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Intermediate stage
  3. ________________
  4. Electron Transport System
A

Citric Acid Cycle

48
Q

4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Intermediate stage
  3. Citric Acid Cycle
  4. _____________
A

Electron Transport Chain

49
Q

Glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell?

A

Cytoplasm

50
Q

Glycolysis does not require what molecule?

A

Oxygen

51
Q

The intermediate stage of glucose oxidation occurs in the ______________.

A

Mitochondria

52
Q

The Citric Acid Cycle occurs where in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

53
Q

The electron transport chain occurs where in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

54
Q

In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two ___________ molecules.

A

Pyruvate

55
Q

Anaerobic phase of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis

56
Q

3 Main Events of Glycolysis

  1. ______________of glucose (Energy Investment)
  2. Splitting of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate
  3. Net production of 2 NADH and 2 ATP (Energy Payoff)
A

Phosphorylation

57
Q

3 Main Events of Glycolysis

  1. Phosphorylation of glucose (Energy Investment)
  2. Splitting of glucose into ____(#) molecules of pyruvate
  3. Net production of 2 NADH and 2 ATP (Energy Payoff)
A

Two

58
Q

3 Main Events of Glycolysis

  1. Phosphorylation of glucose (Energy Investment)
  2. Splitting of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate
  3. Net production of ___ (#) NADH and __ (#) ATP (Energy Payoff)
A

2 NADH and 2 ATP

59
Q

Intermediate Stage of Glucose Oxidation

If oxygen is available, 2 pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to 2 _________ molecules

A

acetyl CoA

60
Q

Intermediate Stage of Glucose Oxidation

Products Generated

acetyl coA.

_________,

NADH

A

CO2

61
Q

Citric Acid Cycle

Acetyl CoA combines with __________ to form citric acid (citrate)

A

Oxaloacetate (OAA)

62
Q

Citric Acid Cycle

_____ (#) turns of cycle per glucose molecule

A

Two

63
Q

NAD+ is _______ to form NADH

A

Reduced

64
Q

FAD is __________ to form FADH2

A

Reduced

65
Q

Electron Transport Chain

NADH and FADH2 release ____ and energy to make ATP

A

electrons

66
Q

Electron transport chain is a series of ____ pumps and electron carriers.

A

hydrogen (H+)

67
Q

ATP _________ allows for passage of H+ during ETC

A

Synthase

A&P 1 (17 decks)

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