Ch. 8 Muscular System

Question 1

What are muscles?

Answer 1

Organs that generate force to cause all types of movement

Question 2

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Answer 2

Contraction, relaxation

Question 3

Whats are the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 3

• (1) Cardiac— Heart muscles (Involuntary)
• (2) Smooth— All the tubular or sac shaped organs in the muscle (Involuntary)
• (3) Skeletal— Muscles attached to the bone (Voluntary)

Question 4

Cardiac muscle is..

Answer 4

• Involuntary— Cannot control
• Found only in the heart

Question 5

Smooth (Visceral smooth muscle) is..

Answer 5

• Involuntary— Cannot control
• Found in all the tubular or sac shaped organs (Hollow internal organs)

Question 6

Because organs are formed by smooth muscles, it can also be called..

Answer 6

Visceral smooth muscle

Question 7

Examples of visceral smooth muscle

Answer 7

• EX: Digestive tract, blood vessels, urinary bladder, uterus

Question 8

Skeletal muscle is..

Answer 8

• Voluntary— Can control
• Muscle attached to the bone

Question 9

Connective tissue coverings over muscles consist of the tendon which..

Answer 9

Joins muscle to bone

Question 10

(Epicranial) Aponeurosis

Answer 10

• Muscles connected to each other by broad sheets of connective tissue
• Above skull
• Flat tendon that attaches muscle to bone

Question 11

What is a synapse?

Answer 11

The space between 2 neurons

Question 12

What is the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 12

The junction of nerve cell and muscle cell

Question 13

There is no physical touch between..

Answer 13

Muscle and neurons

Question 14

Neuromuscular junction communicates by releasing a chemical called..

Answer 14

Neurotransmitter

Question 15

What is glycolysis?

Answer 15

An incomplete breakdown of glucose creating ATP

Question 16

Hemoglobin is..

Answer 16

In red blood cells and carries oxygen to muscle tissue

Question 17

What is muscle fatigue?

Answer 17

When a muscle loses its ability to contract during strenuous excerise

• It a rises from electrolyte imbalances and decreased ATP levels

Question 18

What is a muscle cramp?

Answer 18

A sustained, painful, involuntary contraction, occurs due to changes in extracellular fluid around the muscle fibers

Question 19

During excerise or any strenous work..

Answer 19

• (1) Oxygen which is utilized by muscles decreases oxygen concentration which is called oxygen debt
• (2) In the absence of oxygen, the glucose/sugar will change into lactic acid causing muscle fatigue

Question 20

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 20

Enlargement of a muscle due to repeated exercise

Question 21

What is atrophy?

Answer 21

Decrease in muscle size and strength, due to disuse

Question 22

What is origin?

Answer 22

The less movable end of a skeletal muscle

Question 23

What is insertion?

Answer 23

The more moveable end of a skeletal muscle

Question 24

The sternocleidomastoid is named for what attachments?

Answer 24

Attaches to sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process

Question 25

What are the 4 major muscles which form the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 25

• (1) Rectus abdominis– Joined by the linea alba (Connective tissue that extends from the xiphoid process down to the pubic symphysis where 2 pubic bones are joined
• (2) External oblique
• (3) Internal oblique
• (4) Transversus abdominis

Question 26

What is the linea alba?

Answer 26

Connective tissue that extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis where 2 pubic bones are joined

Question 27

What muscle tissue is the diaphragm?

Answer 27

Skeletal muscle

Question 28

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 28

Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity (Skeletal muscle) (Respiratory muscle)

Question 29

Breathing requires a change in size of the..

Answer 29

Thorax

Question 30

During inspiration..

Answer 30

Thoracic cavity increases in size causing the diaphragm to be lowered/flattened (contacted)
- External intercostal lifts the ribs

Question 31

During expiration..

Answer 31

Thoracic cavity decreases in size (causing the diaphragm to move up/relax)
- Internal intercostal muscle used in force expiration

Question 32

The aorta (Largest artery) moves from the

Answer 32

Thoracic cavity to abdominal cavity

Question 33

The esophagus (Part of the digestive system) moves..

Answer 33

From the thoracic cavity to abdominal cavity

Question 34

The inferior vena cava (Largest vein) moves..

Answer 34

From the abdominal cavity to the thoracic cavity

Question 35

Formation of the floor of pelvis is formed by

Answer 35

2 Muscular sheets that close off the inferior outlet of the pelvis

Question 36

What are the muscles of the pelvic floor?

Answer 36

• (1) Pelvic diaphragm— (Deeper) Forms the outlet of the pelvic cavity
• (2) Urogenital diaphragm— (Superficial) Fills the space within the pubic arch

Question 37

Pelvic diaphragm—

Answer 37

(Deeper) Forms the outlet of the pelvic cavity

Question 38

Urogenital diaphragm—

Answer 38

(Superficial) Fills the space within the pubic arch

Question 39

The iliopsoas muscle is composed of..

Answer 39

The iliacus and psoas major muscle

• The psoas major comes from the abdominal wall, going down to merge with the illiacus

Question 40

The calf muscle that is on the posterior leg is the..

Answer 40

Gastrocnemius