Ch. 7 The Skeletal System

Question 1

Bone functions include

Answer 1

• Muscle attachment
• Protection and support
• Blood cell production (Hematopoiesis)
• Storage of inorganic salts (calcium)

Question 2

Types of bone

Answer 2

• Long
• Short
  
  • Sesamoid
• Flat
• Irregular

Question 3

The diaphysis is..

Answer 3

The shaft, central part of long bone

Question 4

The epiphyses are covered by

Answer 4

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Question 5

Epiphysis are..

Answer 5

The ends of the bones

Question 6

The wall of the diaphyses is made up of..

Answer 6

Compact bone (tightly packed tissue)

Question 7

The epiphyses are filled with..

Answer 7

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Question 8

Structure of long bone

Answer 8

• 2 Epiphysis
• Diaphysis
• Periosteum
• Endosteum

Question 9

What are the kinds of marrow that occupy the medullary cavities and larger canals of bone?

Answer 9

• Red Marrow (RBCs, WBCs, Platelets)
• Yellow Marrow (Stores fats and in adult bones)

Question 10

What factors affect bone development, growth, and repair?

Answer 10

• Too much or too little growth hormone
  
  • EX: Too little—Dwarfism
• Nutrition: Vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption
• Physical exercise

Question 11

2 Major portions of the skeletal system

Answer 11

• Axial skeleton
• Appendicular skeleton

Question 12

Frontal bone

Answer 12

Anterior part of skull

Question 13

Parietal bones

Answer 13

Form the roof and the sides of the skull

Question 14

Occipital bone

Answer 14

Forms the back of the skull

Question 15

Temporal bones

Answer 15

Form parts of the sides

Question 16

Mandible

Answer 16

Lower jawbone, only movable bone of the skull

Question 17

Coronal suture

Answer 17

Between frontal bone and two parietal bones

Question 18

Sagittal suture

Answer 18

Between the two parietal bones

Question 19

Squamous suture

Answer 19

Between the parietal bone and the squamous part of temporal bone

Question 20

Lambdoid suture

Answer 20

Between the two parietal bones and occipital bones

Question 21

Hyoid bone

Answer 21

Supports the tongue and aids in swallowing

Question 22

How many cervical vertebrae are in the neck?

Answer 22

7

Question 23

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

Answer 23

12

Question 24

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the lower back (loin)?

Answer 24

5

Question 25

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the lower back (loin)?

Answer 25

5

Question 26

True ribs

Answer 26

(Ribs 1-7) Connect to sternum by their costal cartilages

Question 27

False ribs

Answer 27

(Ribs 8-12) Do not reach the sternum directly

Question 28

Floating ribs

Answer 28

(Ribs 10-12)

Question 29

Sternum

Answer 29

Breastbone (Manubrium, body, xiphoid process)

Question 30

Appendicular

Answer 30

Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 31

Axial skeleton

Answer 31

Consists of the bony and cartilaginous parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk

Question 32

Pectoral girdle

Answer 32

2 Clavicles and 2 scapulae

Question 33

Upper limbs

Answer 33

Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 34

Pelvic girdle

Answer 34

• Consists of 2 hip (coxal, pelvic, innominate) bones and the sacrum
  • [Innominate: Unknown]
  • The hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly, and with sacrum posteriorly
  • The hip bone is formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis
  • Pubic symphysis: 2 Pubic bones joining in the front
  • [Symphysis: Joining]

Question 35

Lower limbs

Answer 35

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

Question 36

Flexion:

Answer 36

Bending parts at a joint, so that the angle between them decreases

Question 37

Extension:

Answer 37

Straightening parts at a joint, so that the angle between them increases

Question 38

Lateral flexion:

Answer 38

Bending the head, neck, or trunk to the side

Question 39

Hyperextension:

Answer 39

Straightening beyond normal anatomical position

Question 40

Abduction:

Answer 40

Moving body part away from the midline

Question 41

Adduction:

Answer 41

Moving a body part toward the midline

Question 42

Dorsiflexion:

Answer 42

Ankle movement that brings the foot closer to the shin

Question 43

Plantar Flexion:

Answer 43

Ankle movement that moves the foot further from the shin, Points the toes downward

Question 44

Rotation:

Answer 44

Movement of a part around an axis

Question 45

Circumduction:

Answer 45

Movement of a part so its end follows a circular path

Question 46

Pronation:

Answer 46

Rotation of forearm so that the palm is facing downward or posteriorly

Question 47

Supination:

Answer 47

Rotation of forearm so the palm is facing upward or anteriorly

Question 48

Inversion:

Answer 48

Turning the sole (plantar surface) of the foot medially

Question 49

Eversion:

Answer 49

Turning the sole (plantar surface) of the foot laterally

Question 50

Protraction:

Answer 50

Moving a part of the body forward

Question 51

Retraction:

Answer 51

Moving a part of the body backward

Question 52

Elevation:

Answer 52

Raising a part of the body

Question 53

Depression:

Answer 53

Lowering a part of the body