Ch. 6 Integumentary System Flashcards
Define organs
Body structures composed of two or more different tissue types that perform specific functions
The skin is..
- The largest organ in the body by weight
- Acts as a barrier between internal environment and external environment
Accessory organs that make up the integumentary system:
- Hair
- Nails
- Glands (Sebacceous glands)
- Sensory receptors
Skin has 2 layers, which are..
- (1) Epidermis— Thin, outer layer of stratifed squamous epithelium
- (2) Dermis— Thicker, inner layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle, and nervous tissue
The subcutaneous layer is..
The layer underneath dermis, consisting of areolar and adipose tissues
What separates epidermis from dermis and anchors these layers together?
The basement membrane
What affects skin color?
Circulation within dermal blood vessels
What causes healthy skin?
Well oxygenated skin due to erythrocytes
[Erythrocytes— Red blood cell, Carry O2 and nutrients, Cells that take oxygen from lungs to other cells]
Cyanosis is..
Poorly oxygenated blood that looks blue, due to deep red tone of the hemoglobin
Jaundice is..
(Liver disease) Yellow skin caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood
[Hepatic: Refers to liver]
Sebaceous glands are..
Associated with hair follicles, secrete an oily substance called sebum
Sweat glands are..
Sudoriferous glands
Skin functions include..
- Maintaining homeostasis
- [Homeostasis— Internal balance]
- Protective covering— Prevents pathogenic microorganisms from entering the body
- [Pathogenic— Formation of disease]
- Slows down water loss by diffusion
- [Diffusion— Movement from high to low concentration]
- Excretes wastes— EX: Sweat, excess minerals
- Protection of underlying tissues
When it comes to body temperature regulation, the role of skin is..
Maintaining metabolic rates
- [Metabolism: Sum of all chemical reactions in the body]
The body responds to excessive cooling by..
- Constricting dermal blood vessels
- Inactivating sweat glands
- Shivering
Hypothermia—
Core body temperature below 95°F
Hyperthermia—
Core body temperature over 106°F
Inflammation is..
When blood vessels dilate and become more permeable, the signs of inflammation include redness, heat, swelling, pain (Normal body response to injury)
Dilated blood vessels bring in
Fluid, oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to aid in healing
[Immune cells—Leukocytes: Protect against infection]
Signs of inflammation are..
- (1) Redness— Rubor
- (2) Heat— Calor
- (3) Swelling— Tumor (Edema)
- [Edema— When the fluid goes between the tissues] - (4) Pain— Dolor
Redness in inflammation is caused by
Vasodilation, more blood in area
Heat in inflammation is caused by
Large amount of blood accumulating in area and as a by-product of increased metabolic activity in tissue
Swelling in inflammation is caused by..
Increased permeability of blood vessels, fluids leaving blood go into [tissue spaces—intercellular/interstitial spaces] (edema)
Pain in inflammation is caused by..
Injury to neurons and increased pressure from edema
- Edema: Accumulation of lymph in the interstitial spaces, due to interference with flow in lymph
- [Edema: When fluid goes between tissue]
The response to a deep injury, extending into the dermis or subcutaneous layer:
- Involves the formation of blood clot from the released blood
- [Thrombocyte: Blood clot, Cells in platelet to stop bleeding]
- The blood clot and dried tissue fluids form a scab to cover the wound
Scars are..
Elevated, extensive collagen fiber production
What is edema?
When fluid goes between the tissues
