Ch. 6 Integumentary System

Question 1

Define organs

Answer 1

Body structures composed of two or more different tissue types that perform specific functions

Question 2

The skin is..

Answer 2

• The largest organ in the body by weight
• Acts as a barrier between internal environment and external environment

Question 3

Accessory organs that make up the integumentary system:

Answer 3

• Hair
• Nails
• Glands (Sebacceous glands)
• Sensory receptors

Question 4

Skin has 2 layers, which are..

Answer 4

• (1) Epidermis— Thin, outer layer of stratifed squamous epithelium
• (2) Dermis— Thicker, inner layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle, and nervous tissue

Question 5

The subcutaneous layer is..

Answer 5

The layer underneath dermis, consisting of areolar and adipose tissues

Question 6

What separates epidermis from dermis and anchors these layers together?

Answer 6

The basement membrane

Question 7

What affects skin color?

Answer 7

Circulation within dermal blood vessels

Question 8

What causes healthy skin?

Answer 8

Well oxygenated skin due to erythrocytes

[Erythrocytes— Red blood cell, Carry O2 and nutrients, Cells that take oxygen from lungs to other cells]

Question 9

Cyanosis is..

Answer 9

Poorly oxygenated blood that looks blue, due to deep red tone of the hemoglobin

Question 10

Jaundice is..

Answer 10

(Liver disease) Yellow skin caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood
[Hepatic: Refers to liver]

Question 11

Sebaceous glands are..

Answer 11

Associated with hair follicles, secrete an oily substance called sebum

Question 12

Sweat glands are..

Answer 12

Sudoriferous glands

Question 13

Skin functions include..

Answer 13

• Maintaining homeostasis
  
  • [Homeostasis— Internal balance]
• Protective covering— Prevents pathogenic microorganisms from entering the body
  
  • [Pathogenic— Formation of disease]
• Slows down water loss by diffusion
  
  • [Diffusion— Movement from high to low concentration]
• Excretes wastes— EX: Sweat, excess minerals
• Protection of underlying tissues

Question 14

When it comes to body temperature regulation, the role of skin is..

Answer 14

Maintaining metabolic rates
- [Metabolism: Sum of all chemical reactions in the body]

Question 15

The body responds to excessive cooling by..

Answer 15

• Constricting dermal blood vessels
• Inactivating sweat glands
• Shivering

Question 16

Hypothermia—

Answer 16

Core body temperature below 95°F

Question 17

Hyperthermia—

Answer 17

Core body temperature over 106°F

Question 18

Inflammation is..

Answer 18

When blood vessels dilate and become more permeable, the signs of inflammation include redness, heat, swelling, pain (Normal body response to injury)

Question 19

Dilated blood vessels bring in

Answer 19

Fluid, oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to aid in healing

[Immune cells—Leukocytes: Protect against infection]

Question 20

Signs of inflammation are..

Answer 20

• (1) Redness— Rubor
• (2) Heat— Calor
• (3) Swelling— Tumor (Edema)
  - [Edema— When the fluid goes between the tissues]
• (4) Pain— Dolor

Question 21

Redness in inflammation is caused by

Answer 21

Vasodilation, more blood in area

Question 22

Heat in inflammation is caused by

Answer 22

Large amount of blood accumulating in area and as a by-product of increased metabolic activity in tissue

Question 23

Swelling in inflammation is caused by..

Answer 23

Increased permeability of blood vessels, fluids leaving blood go into [tissue spaces—intercellular/interstitial spaces] (edema)

Question 24

Pain in inflammation is caused by..

Answer 24

Injury to neurons and increased pressure from edema

• Edema: Accumulation of lymph in the interstitial spaces, due to interference with flow in lymph
  
  • [Edema: When fluid goes between tissue]

Question 25

The response to a deep injury, extending into the dermis or subcutaneous layer:

Answer 25

• Involves the formation of blood clot from the released blood
  
  • [Thrombocyte: Blood clot, Cells in platelet to stop bleeding]
• The blood clot and dried tissue fluids form a scab to cover the wound

Question 26

Scars are..

Answer 26

Elevated, extensive collagen fiber production

Question 27

What is edema?

Answer 27

When fluid goes between the tissues