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[BIO 115] Anatomy & Physiology > Ch. 5 Tissues > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Tissues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is histology?

A

The study of tissue

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2
Q

The tissue of the human body include 4 major types which include..

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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3
Q

The function of epithelial tissue is..

A

Protection, secretion, absorption and excretion

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4
Q

What is the location of epithelial tissue?

A

The body surface, covering and lining of internal organs, composing of glands

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5
Q

The function of connective tissue is..

A

Support, fill spaces, produce blood cells

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6
Q

What is the location of connective tissue?

A

It is widely spread throughout body

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7
Q

The function of muscle tissue is..

A

Contraction and relaxation (body movement)

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8
Q

What is the location of muscle tissue?

A

Attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart

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9
Q

The function of nervous tissue is..

A

To conduct impulses to control and coordinate body activities

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10
Q

What is the location of nervous tissue?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

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11
Q

Tissue are _______-dimensional structures

A

three

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12
Q

Micrographs are..

A

Photos of very thin sections of tissue specimens

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13
Q

Tubular structures can be observed through micrographs, some examples of tubular structures are..

A

Blood vessels, digestive tract

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14
Q

A cross section is..

A

A cut across the structure

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15
Q

An oblique section is..

A

An angular cut through the structure

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16
Q

A longitudinal section is..

A

A lengthwise cut through the structure (right and left sections)

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17
Q

Circle or ovals indicate ________ or ________ sections

A
  • Cross
  • Oblique
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18
Q

Rows of cells with an elongated space between them indicate _________ sections

A

Longitudinal

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19
Q

Describe epithelial tissues

A
  • Free (apical) surface
  • Anchored to connective tissues by a basement membrane
  • Tightly packed cells w/ little extracellular–intercellular material
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20
Q

Epithelial tissues are classified by cell ___________ and cell ___________

A
  • Shape
  • Layer
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21
Q

The number of layers in epithelial tissues are categorized as..

A
  • Simple (single layer)
  • Stratified (many layers)
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22
Q

The cell shapes in epithelial tissues are categorized as..

A
  • Squamous (irregular and flat)
  • Cuboidal (cube-shaped cells)
  • Columnar (tall and elongated)
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23
Q

Simple squamous epithelium meaning

A

Single layer of irregular flat cells

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24
Q

Simple squamous epithelium function

A
  • Diffusion (High to low concentration)
  • Filtration (Water and dissolved material forced through a membrane from high to low pressure)
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25
Q

Simple squamous epithelium example(s)

A
  • Air sacs of the lungs (respiratory system) in diffusion
  • Kidneys (filtration)
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26
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium meaning

A

Single layer of cube-shaped cells

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27
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium function

A

Protection and secretion forming all glands in the body

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28
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium can be found..

A

Surfaces of ovaries

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29
Q

Simple columnar epithelium meaning

A

Single layer of tall, elongated cells

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30
Q

Simple columnar epithelium function

A

Protection, secretion, absorption

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31
Q

Columnar epithelium can be categorized into ________ and _________

A
  • Nonciliated (without hairlike projections)
  • Ciliated (with hairlike projections)
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32
Q

Simple columnar epithelium example(s)

A

Lining of uterus, stomach

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33
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium meaning

A

A single layer of cells that give a false appearance of multiple layers (due to the position of the nucleus)

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34
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

A

Protection, secretion, movement of mucus

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35
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium example(s)

A

Lining of respiratory passages

36
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium meaning

A

Many layers of irregular flat cells

37
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium function

A

Protection

38
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium example(s)

A

Superficial layer of skin

39
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium meaning

A

Many layers of cube-shaped cells

40
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium function

A

Protection

41
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium can be found..

A

Lining ducts of mammary glands

42
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium meaning

A

Many layers of tall, elongated cells

43
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium function

A

Protection, secretion

44
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium can be found

A

Lining the larger ducts of excretory glands

45
Q

Transitional epithelium meaning

A

Cell shape changing (expandable lining)

46
Q

Transitional epithelium function

A

Protection, stretchability

47
Q

Transitional epithelium example(s)

A
  • The urinary bladder (when full it is larger than when empty)
  • Pregnancy/birth (uterus contracting)
48
Q

Two types of glands are..

A
  • Endocrine
  • Exocrine
49
Q

Endocrine glands are..

A
  • Ductless
  • Secrete hormones in body fluid
50
Q

Exocrine glands..

A
  • Contain ducts
  • Ex: Sweat gland, salivary gland
51
Q

All ducts in the body are formed in _____________ tissue

A

Epithelial

52
Q

Connective tissue has an abundance of ____________/__________ matrix

A
  • Extracellular
  • Intercellular
53
Q

The main categories of connective tissue are

A
  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Specialized connective tissue
54
Q

Connective tissue proper includes..

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. Dense connective tissue
55
Q

Specialized connective tissue includes..

A
  1. Cartilage
  2. Bone
  3. Blood
56
Q

Loose connective tissue..

A

Contains adipocytes (fat cells)

57
Q

Loose connective tissue function

A

Cushions joint, stores energy, insulates body

58
Q

Loose connective tissue example(s)

A

Around kidneys

59
Q

Dense connective tissue..

A
  • Found in tendon (joins muscle to bone)
  • Found in ligament (joins bone to bone)
60
Q

Cartilage..

A
  • Specialized connective tissue containing chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
  • Enclosed within a connective tissue covering called the perichondrium
61
Q

Bone tissue..

A
  • Specialized connective tissue
  • Forms sites for muscle attachment
  • Contains osteocytes (bone cells)
62
Q

Bone example(s)

A

Skull protect brain, Ribs protect the lungs, Pelvic bones protect the reproductive organs

63
Q

Blood (which is formed in the bones) has two portions, these portions are..

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Formed elements
64
Q

Plasma..

A

Liquid portion of blood

65
Q

Formed elements are categorized into..

A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Leukocytes
  3. Platelets
66
Q

Erythrocytes..

A
  • Red blood cells
  • Function: Carry O2 and nutrients
67
Q

Leukocytes..

A
  • White blood cells
  • Function: Protect against infection, defend (phagocytes)
68
Q

Platelets..

A
  • Function: Form clots and contains thrombocytes which stop bleeding
69
Q

What are the types of membranes in the body?

A
  1. Serous membrane
  2. Mucous membrane
  3. Cutaneous membrane
  4. Synovial membrane
70
Q

What are the types of epithelial membranes?

A
  1. Serous
  2. Mucous
  3. Cutaneous
71
Q

What are the types of connective tissue membrane?

A

Synovial

72
Q

Serous membranes..

A

Line cavities that have no openings (thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity)

73
Q

Example of serous membranes in the

A

Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum

74
Q

Mucous membranes..

A

Secretes mucus and line the systems which have an opening to the exterior

75
Q

What body systems are associated with mucous membranes?

A
  • (1) Digestive
  • (2) Respiratory
  • (3) Urinary
  • (4) Reproductive
76
Q

Mucous membranes produce mucus from..

A

Goblet cells

77
Q

The cutaneous membrane is the

A

Skin

78
Q

The synovial membrane..

A

Lines the joints

79
Q

What is the function of the muscle tissues?

A

Contraction and relaxation

80
Q

What the the types of muscle tissue?

A
  • (1) Cardiac— Heart muscles (Involuntary)
  • (2) Smooth— All the tubular or sac shaped organs in the muscle (Involuntary)
  • (3) Skeletal — Muscles attached to the bone (Voluntary)
81
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue..

A
  • Involuntary— Cannot control
  • Found only in the heart
82
Q

Smooth muscle tissue.. (and examples)

A
  • Involuntary— Cannot control
  • Found in all the tubular or sac shaped organs (Hollow internal organs)

EX: Digestive tract, blood vessels, urinary bladder, uterus

83
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue..

A
  • Voluntary— Can control
  • Muscle attached to the bone
84
Q

Two types of nerve tissue are

A
  • (1) Neurons— Nerve cells send signals
  • (2) Neuroglia— Supports and protects the neuron
85
Q

Neurons..

A

Nerve cells send signals

86
Q

Neuroglia..

A

Supports and protects the neuron

[BIO 115] Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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