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[BIO 115] Anatomy & Physiology > Ch. 3 Cells > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cells

A

The basic building block of an organism

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2
Q

Define Pathology

A

The study of disease

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3
Q

List 4 Cell Shapes

A
  • Round
  • Spherical
  • Rectangular
  • Irregular
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4
Q

Function and structure of the flagellum (and example)

A
  • Whip like structure
  • Function: Locomotion
  • EX: Sperm
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5
Q

Function and structure of cilia

A
  • Hair like projection
  • Function: Locomotion, removing substances from the surface
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6
Q

Function and structure of villi

A
  • Finger like projection
  • increase the surface area
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7
Q

What are the 2 processes across the cell membrane?

A
  1. Passive process
  2. Active process
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8
Q

What is passive process?

A

Movement from high to low concentration

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9
Q

What are the types of passive process?

A
  1. Diffusion
    • Simple diffusion
    • Facilitated diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Filtration
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10
Q

What is active transport?

A

A mechanism of transport that requires energy; Moves from low to high concentration

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11
Q

What are the types of active process?

A
  1. Endocytosis
    • Phagocytosis
    • Pinocytosis
  2. Exocytosis
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12
Q

Define simple diffusion and give an example

A

Movement from high to low concentration
EX: Oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules exchange in the lungs

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13
Q

Define facilitated diffusion

A

Movement from high to low concentration with the help of a protein

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14
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of water through the membrane from high to low water concentration

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15
Q

What are the types of osmosis

A

Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

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16
Q

Isotonic

A

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluids causing no change to the cell

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17
Q

Hypertonic

A

A solution with higher osmotic pressure than body fluids causing cells to shrink

18
Q

Define filtration and give an example

A
  • Water and dissolved material forced through a membrane from high to low pressure
  • EX: Formation of urine
19
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis?

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Pinocytosis
20
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

Cell eating; Engulfing by projection of cell membrane called pseudopods

21
Q

Define pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking; Same as phagocytosis but cells are stationary

22
Q

What are the two types of cell division?

A

Somatic/Mitosis and Meiosis

23
Q

Define cell division

A

Process by which cell reproduce themself

24
Q

All human cell division contains 46 chromosomes called

25
Q

Egg and sperm which contain 23 pairs of chromosomes are called

26
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of the nucleus

27
Q

Meosis

A

Used for sperm and egg cell production

28
Q

Define Gametes

A

Reproductive/ Sex cell

29
Q

Female gamete

30
Q

Male gamete

31
Q

Meiosis taking place in ovary

32
Q

Meiosis taking place in testes

A

Spermatogenesis

33
Q

Excess of tissue develop in growth

A

Tumor or neoplasm

34
Q

Malignant

A

Fatal–Causing death

35
Q

Benign

36
Q

What are the two types of cell division?

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

37
Q

Abnormal cell division

A

Uncontrolled cell division

38
Q

Metastasis

A

A malignant/fatal tumor spreading to other parts of the body

39
Q

Define carcinogens and give an example

A
  • Substances which cause cancer
  • EX:
    • Cigarettes- Lung cancer
    • UV Rays– Skin cancer
40
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution with lower osmotic pressure than body fluids
causing cells to swell and may burst

41
Q

Mitosis cannot take place in the

A
  • Nervous cells
  • Muscle cells
42
Q

Mitosis is essential for

A
  • Tissue repair
  • Dead/damaged cell replacement

[BIO 115] Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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