Ch 8 Every Day Memory/ Memory Error

Question 1

Reminiscence bump

Answer 1

The empirical finding that people over 40 years old have enhanced memory for events from adolescence and early adulthood, compared to other periods of their lives.

Question 2

The single-image hypothesis

Answer 2

The idea that memory is enhanced for events that occur as a person’s self-image or life identity is being formed. This is the explanation for the reminiscence bump.

Question 3

Cognitive hypothesis

Answer 3

An explanation for the reminiscence bump, which states that memories are better for adolescents and early adulthood because encoding is better during periods of rapid change and that are followed by stability.

Question 4

Cultural life script hypothesis

Answer 4

The idea that events in a persons life story become easier to recall when they fit the cultural life script for that person culture.

Question 5

Cultural life script

Answer 5

Life events that commonly occur in a particular culture.

Question 6

Youth bias

Answer 6

Tendency for the most notable public events in a persons life to be perceived to occur when the persons is young.

Question 7

Amygdala

Answer 7

A subcoryical structure that is involved in processing emotional aspects of experience, including memory for emotional events.

Question 8

Flash-bulb memory

Answer 8

Memory for the circumstances that surround hearing about shocking, highly charged events. It has been claimed that such memories are particularly vivid and accurate.

Question 9

Narrative rehearsal hypothesis

Answer 9

The idea that we remember some life events better because we rehearse them. This idea was proposed by Neus set as an explanation for “flashbulb” memories.

Question 10

Constructive nature of memory

Answer 10

The idea that what people report as memories are constructed based on what actually happened plus additional factors, such as expectations, other knowledge, and other life experiences.

Question 11

Source monitoring

Answer 11

A he process by which people determine the origins of memories, knowledge, or beliefs. Remembering that you heard about something from a particular person would be an example of source monitoring.

Question 12

Source monitoring error

Answer 12

Misidentifying the source of a memory.

Question 13

Cryptomnesia

Answer 13

Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others.

Question 14

Illusory truth effect

Answer 14

Enhanced probability of evaluating a statement as being true upon repeated presentation.

Question 15

Fluency

Answer 15

The ease with which a statement can be remembered.

Question 16

Repeated reproduction

Answer 16

A method of measuring memory in which a person is asked to reproduce a stimulus on repeated occasions at longer and longer intervals after the original presentation of the material to be remembered.

Question 17

Pragmatic inference

Answer 17

Inference that occurs when reading or hearing a statement leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the statement.

Question 18

Schema

Answer 18

A persons knowledge about what is involved in a particular experience.

Question 19

A script

Answer 19

A type of schema. The conception of the sequence of actions that describe a particular activity. For example, the sequence of events that are associated with going to class would be a “going to class” script.

Question 20

Superior autobiographical memory

Answer 20

Autobiographical memory capacity possessed by some people who can remember personal experiences that occurred on any specific day from their past.

Question 21

Misinformation effect

Answer 21

Misleading information presented after a person witnessed an event that changes how the person describes that event later.

Question 22

Misleading post event information

Answer 22

The misleading information that causes the misinformation effect.

Question 23

Eyewitness testimony

Answer 23

Testimony by eyewitness to a crime about what they saw during commission of the crime.

Question 24

Weapons focus

Answer 24

The tendency for eyewitness to a crime to focus attention on weapon which causes poorer memory for other things that are happening.

Question 25

Post-identification feedback effect

Answer 25

An increase in confidence of memory recall due to confirming feedback after making an identification, as in a police lineup.

Question 26

Cognitive interview

Answer 26

A procedure used for interviewing crime scene witnesses that involve letting witnesses talk with a minimum of interruptions. It also uses techniques that help witnesses recreate the situation present at the crime scene by having them place themselves back in the scene and recreate emotions they were feeling, recall details

Question 27

Nostalgia

Answer 27

A memory that involves a sentimental affection for the past.

Question 28

Music enhanced autobiographical memories

Answer 28

Autobiographical memories elicited by hearing music.

Question 29

Proust effect

Answer 29

Recalling something from the past by an eliciting agent.